AKHIL VIJAYAKUMAR

S7 EA
13120414
1) Introduction
2) Biorobotics & research
3) Parkinsons and Alzheimers Disease
4) DDX system
5) Software diagram
6) Technical Architecture
7) Biorobotic electronic circuit
8) Description of the biorobotic system
9) Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages
10)Conclusion


BRINGING BIOLOGY AND ROBOTICS
TOGETHER
Making robots that emulate and stimulate living
biological organisms mechanically or even chemically.

Application of biological ideas to address technological
problems.

Application of robotics to solve problems regarding
biology and medicine.

MOTOR NEURON ISEASES
MNDs are a group of progressive neurological disorders
that destroy motor neurons, the cells that control
essential voluntary muscle activity such as speaking,
walking, breathing, and swallowing.

Some MNDs are inherited, but the causes of most MNDs
are not known.

There is no cure or standard treatment for the MNDs.

EX : Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Progressive
muscular atrophy (PMA), Amyotrophic lateral
Sclerosis(ALS).
NEED FOR AN DDX
To measure the neuro-psychomotor conditions of an
individual to detect his/her state of health, it is
necessary to obtain a set of parameters such as
reaction time, speed, strength and tremor.
The set of parameters obtained is useful not only to
diagnose neuro-motor pathologies (e.g. Parkinson
Disease), but also to assess general everyday health or
to monitor sports performance;
Autonomous testing is important, as the individual is
likely to be more relaxed thus obviating emotional
problems.
The DDX system has been designed with reference to
the biomechanical characteristics of the human finger.

Disease Detector (DDX), portable equipment with detection of
response time and psychophysical conditions in normal and
exceptional environments.
a simple joystick with a few buttons, an LCD display and a simple
interface for remote communication of diagnosis.

CONTD
The external effects require
1) the response to sounds,
2) a soft touch of a button,
3) by pronouncing a word,
4) the touch of the finger in front of a virtual reality drawing
of the finger itself.

Fuzzy Logic is exploited in order to obtain an intelligent and
reliable detector.

Three basic parameters (reaction, speed and force) are
acquired.
Many new and innovative inventions like robotic hand ,a voice- controlled
robot has been designed.

In 1985, bio-engineers have developed a bionic prosthesis with electronic
control incorporated in an artificial limb.
Recently, a dummy for cardiac simulation purposes, and data acquisition
systems involving neuromotor control has been developed.
Eccles designed the pattern for recognition of the behavior of the brain control
circuits.Analogue concepts developed by Searle and Richards represent
fundamental steps to recognize how much the robotic systems are helping in
the simulation of brain activity.
Some of the scientific developments linked to biology and Biorobotics:
activation of neuron circuits, recovery of damaged neuromotor functions, etc.
INVENTIONS
Parkinson's disease is a progressive, degenerative
neurological movement disorder that affects approximately 10
million people world wide.

Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in the brain
that make dopamine are slowly destroyed.

Primary symptoms : Tremor, Rigidity, Postural Instability,
Bradykinesia.

An estimated 7-10 million people worldwide are living with
Parkinson's disease.
Causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior.

Symptom : difficulty in remembering
newly learned information.

Alzheimers disease is the 6th leading
cause of death in the U.S
and the 5th leading cause of death for
those aged 65 and older.

DDX SYSTEM
It is used for a soft touch. The person looks at the
screen and reads words of warning and of start. In the
same time, a sound, like a beep, gives the start signal.

The person must press softly the button with index
finger, with right or left hand.

The tremor before and during the pressure on the
button is measured by a switch which detects
oscillations of the hand.
Button push
performed by placing forefinger on button and pushing it down
slowly.
Followed by visual-sound signal.
1) Fast protocol
2) Virtual protocol
Vocal Articulation
1) Fast reading: foreperiod and duration to articulate word are
measured.
2) Delayed reading
Result analysis and presentation with fuzzy logic
contd
Parameters are acquired from the button.

tremor sensor - measures vibrations of the wrist of the
hand.

Processor -> Buzzer -> timer starts->sampling -> sends
another impulse to the buzzer -> variable tj -> patient
will press the push button -> variable ti, variable tf ->
The speed of patient motion can be calculated from
these times.

Pressure is calculated using a simple circuit .
BIOROBOTIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

A digital display LCD (twelve characters in two columns),
4 keys for managing a menu navigator similar to that of a
mobile phone menu,
An OK key to confirm,
A Menu key in order to return to the main menu,
A Buzzer for the acoustic beep,
A Load cell by strain gauges with its amplifier.
By pressing the button 3 beacons are sent:
Start pressure beacon
Race-end beacon
Force beacon




Reduced dimension and an
hardware & user-friendly software.
The system can be used not only in
medical field, but also in the daily
health and sport field.
Parameters considered : reaction
time, speed, tremor, force and ability
of coordination and synchronization.
Test protocol
Results analysis : IPF
Experimental tests done on subject affected from
Parkinsons.
Experimental tests done on subjects belonging to the
sport field.
Tests in the professional field: Ferrari Race.


This device is very small and portable device.

User-friendly machine.

It is like a mobile phone, with more efficient
diagnostic results.

The ability to hold the joystick with a single hand is
the fundamental aspect of this system.

A persons state of health may be tested daily.


It also provides the ability of transferring
diagnosis through a remote communication
interface in order to monitor daily the state of
health of a patient.

The system is an intelligent-machine based on
soft computing techniques.

Its efficiency can be improved considering more
example for membership function calibration or,
moreover, improving the response correctness
by using a self learning technique.

contd



The DDX control system consists of a small
board with an internal fuzzy logic. It is clear that
the main disadvantage of such circuit switched
networks is that they are not able to adequately
cope with highly variable traffic.

Daphne device allows to obtain a quantitative and
exact measure of the neuromotor health condition of a
person and of it reflects very well the psychological
condition.

The system is an intelligent biorobotic system based on
soft computing techniques and, as such, its efficiency
maybe improved via extended function calibration or by
improving response correctness with self-learning
techniques.


Rovetta , A. Cuc , D. Platania ,C. Solenghi, New
equipment for the detection of the neuromotor diseases
and efficiencies in the motion control.
Eduardo Tolosa, Gregor Wenning, Werner Poewe, The
diagnosis of Parkinsons disease,2006.
W. Richards, Natural Computation, Mit Press,1998
http://sitesearch.alz.org
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0049051/

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/motor_neuron_diseases
/
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/
www.alz.org/gmc



THANK
YOU ;)