The listener is a separate process that runs on the database server computer.

It receives incoming client connection requests and

manages the traffic of these requests to the database server.
default listener has a name of LISTENER, supports no services upon startup, and listens on the following TCP/IP protocol address:
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=host_name)(PORT=1521))
Oracle Net Manager
Field
listener.ora File
Parameter Description
SID SID_NAME Use to specify the Oracle System Identifier (SID) of the
instance. You can obtain the SID value from the
INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the initialization parameter
file.
Global Database Name GLOBAL_DBNAME Use to identify the database service.
Oracle Home Directory ORACLE_HOME On UNIX, this setting is optional. Use it specify the Oracle
home location of the instance. Without this setting, the
listener assumes its Oracle home for the instance.
On Windows NT, this settings is ignored. The Oracle home
specified by the ORACLE_HOME parameter in
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID
of the Windows NT registry is used.
Oracle Net Manager
Field
listener.ora File
Parameter Description
SID SID_NAME Use to specify the Oracle System Identifier (SID) of the
instance. You can obtain the SID value from the
INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the initialization parameter
file.
Global Database Name GLOBAL_DBNAME Use to identify the database service.
Oracle Home Directory ORACLE_HOME On UNIX, this setting is optional. Use it specify the Oracle
home location of the instance. Without this setting, the
listener assumes its Oracle home for the instance.
On Windows NT, this settings is ignored. The Oracle home
specified by the ORACLE_HOME parameter in
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID
of the Windows NT registry is used.


Header (Common and Variable)
The header contains general block information, such as the block address and the
type of segment (for example, data or index).

Table Directory
This portion of the data block contains information about the table having rows in
this block.

Row Directory
This portion of the data block contains information about the actual rows in the
block (including addresses for each row piece in the row data area).

Row Data
This portion of the data block contains table or index data. Rows can span blocks.

Introduction to the Data
Dictionary
One of the most important parts of an Oracle database is its data dictionary, which is a read-only
set of tables that provides information about the database. A data dictionary contains:

The definitions of all schema objects in the database (tables, views, indexes, clusters, synonyms,
sequences, procedures, functions, packages, triggers, and so on)
How much space has been allocated for, and is currently used by, the schema objects
Default values for columns
The names of Oracle Database users
Privileges and roles each user has been granted
Auditing information, such as who has accessed or updated various schema objects
Other general database information

The data dictionary is structured in tables and views, just like other database data. All the data
dictionary tables and views for a given database are stored in that database's SYSTEM tablespace.
System Privilege Operations Authorized
SYSDBA Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
ALTER DATABASE: open, mount, back up, or change character set
CREATE DATABASE
DROP DATABASE
CREATE SPFILE
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER
Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege
Effectively, this system privilege allows a user to connect as user SYS.
SYSOPER Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
CREATE SPFILE
ALTER DATABASE OPEN/MOUNT/BACKUP
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER (Complete recovery only. Any form of incomplete recovery, such as UNTIL
TIME|CHANGE|CANCEL|CONTROLFILE requires connecting as SYSDBA.)
Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege
This privilege allows a user to perform basic operational tasks, but without the ability to look at user
data.
SYSDBA and SYSOPER
The following operations are authorized by the SYSDBA and SYSOPER system privileges:

To connect across Oracle Net with username HR, to the
database known by the Oracle Net alias as FLEETDB,
enter CONNECT HR@FLEETDB

To connect to an instance on the current node as a
privileged user named HR, enter CONNECT HR AS
SYSDBA

To connect to an instance on the current node as a
privileged default user, enter: CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
CONNECT oe/oe
CREATE TABLE admin_test(name VARCHAR2(20));


CONNECT oe/oe AS SYSDBA
SELECT * FROM admin_test;