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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is characterized by reversible obstruction of the airways COPD is a slowly progressive disease. Asthma is the most common cause of COPD, followed by emphysema and bronchitis.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is characterized by reversible obstruction of the airways COPD is a slowly progressive disease. Asthma is the most common cause of COPD, followed by emphysema and bronchitis.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is characterized by reversible obstruction of the airways COPD is a slowly progressive disease. Asthma is the most common cause of COPD, followed by emphysema and bronchitis.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is characterized by reversible obstruction of the airways COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
is a slowly progressive disease that is characterized by a gradual loss of lung function COPD includes chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, or emphysema, or combinations of these conditions Chronic Bronchitis Inflammation of the main airway passages (bronchi) to the lungs, which results in the production of excess mucous, a reduction in the amount of airflow in and out of the lungs, and shortness of breath Emphysema A respiratory disease characterized by breathlessness brought on by the enlargement, or over-inflation of, the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs Etiology Cause of asthma is unknown but many factors play a part: Genetic factors: Asthma tends to run in the family Environmental factors: pollen, dust, mold, tobacco smoke Occupational exposure: chemicals and gases
Smoking is the leading cause of COPD followed by
occupational exposures Clinical Features of Asthmatic Patients General: intermittent wheezing, coughing, and breathlessness During an attack: decreased peak flow, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles to breathe, hyperinflation or barrel chest, and prolonged inspiration Clinical Features of COPD Patients
Mild COPD: no abnormal signs, smokers cough,
little or no breathlessness Moderate COPD: breathlessness with/without wheezing, cough with/without sputum Severe COPD: breathlessness on any exertion/at rest, wheeze and cough prominent, lung inflation usual, cyanosis, peripheral edema, and polycythemia in advanced disease Diagnosis Spirometry Breathing test which measures the amount and rate at which air can pass through the airways Bronchodilator Reversibility Testing Relaxing tightened muscles around the airways and opening up airways quickly to ease breathing Other pulmonary function testing Diffusion capacity Chest X-ray Arterial Blood Gas Shows oxygen level in blood Medical Management of Asthmatic Patient Limit exposure triggering agents Medications such as: inhaled corticosteroids, inhaled beta2 adrenergic agonist, and cromolyn sodium Medical Management of COPD Patient Smoking cessation and elimination of environmental pollutants Palliative measure such as regular exercise, good nutrition, flu and pneumonia vaccines Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and NSAIDs Dental Management of Asthmatic Patient Identify and assess status Avoid precipitating factors Bring inhaler for each appointment Drug considerations: Avoid ASA, NSAIDs, barbiturates, and narcotics Drug interactions with asthmatic medications (ex. Theophylline vs. Antibiotics, Cimetidine) Chronic corticosteroid users may require steroid supplementation For sedation, nitrous oxide/oxygen and/or small doses of oral diazepam is recommended Dental Management of COPD Patient Review history for concurrent heart disease Avoid treatment if upper respiratory tract infection is present Treat in upright position Avoid rubber dam in severe cases Use pulse oximetry (if pulse ox <91%, use low flow 2-3L/min) Avoid Nitrous oxide/oxygen in severe cases Avoid barbiturates, narcotics, antihistamines, and anticholinergics If patient is on steroid regimen, supplement as needed Drug interactions with COPD medication