[DRAFT] UCSD Design

Build Fly 2013/2014

Design Presentation to General Atomics
Aeronautical Systems
UCSD DBF 2014 Team
Figure: Team Management Flow Chart
DBF (Design/Build/Fly) is an
annual, international
undergraduate design
competition
The objective is to design,
build, and fly an RC aircraft
capable of completing three
unique missions
Rules are released in August,
the design report is due in
February, and the fly-off is in
April.
This years competition will
be held in Wichita, KS
DBF Annual Contest Overview
DBF 2014 Contest
Theme: Backcountry Rough Field Bush Plane
Image Credit: www.skyafrica.com
DBF 2014 Mission Descriptions
Missions:
Ground Taxi Mission - Rough Field Taxi
Aircraft will taxi over 40x8 of roofing material
Flight Mission 1 - Ferry Flight (No Payload)
Complete as many laps as possible in 4 min
Flight Mission 2 - Max Load Mission
Carry predetermined number of blocks internally
Flight Mission 3 - Emergency Medical Mission
Carry payload in set configuration
Short Distance Takeoff:
Aircraft will use ground rolling takeoff and landing
Takeoff field length will be limited to 40ft
DBF 2014 Scoring Equations
Rated Aircraft Cost (RAC):
o RAC = Empty Weight of Aircraft
Mission scoring:
o Taxi mission:
If the Taxi Mission is completed successfully, then TS=1.
Otherwise, TS=0.2
o Mission 1 score:
M1= 2 * (No. Laps Flown / Max No. Laps Flown)
o Mission 2 score:
M2= 4 * (No. Cargo Flown / Max No. Cargo Flown)
o Mission 3 score:
M3= 6 * (Fastest Time Flown / Time Flown)
o Flight Score:
FS = M1 + M2 + M3
o Total mission score:
Total Mission Score = TS*FS
Final Score = Written Report Score * Total Mission Score / RAC
Mission Optimization
Figure: Mission 1, 2, 3 Scoring Optimization
Preliminary Aircraft Design
Design Objectives
Short takeoff:
o Strong power system
o High lift wing
RAC:
o Minimize aircraft weight
Taxi mission:
o Stable ground handling over rough surface
Mission 1:
o Minimize drag for speed
Mission 2/3:
o Large internal volume for payload

Conceptual Design
Single Propeller
Propulsion
Bi-Wing, Mount
Mid Fuselage
Conventional
Tail
Elliptical Fuselage
Tricycle Landing
Gear
Figure: Aircraft Conceptual Rendering
Propulsions
Electronics Selection
Battery Selection
28 NIMH ELITE 1500 cells in series (33.6 Volts total)
2 14-cell packs connected by a y-cable allows battery weight
distribution
Maximized weight limit (1.5 lbs)
allows over 4 minute flight time
Speed Controller
Phoenix Ice2 HV 40 (40 Amps)
Allows regulation of the motor's speed
High voltage to match battery capacity
Motor Details
Motor Description
Kv
[RPM/V]
No Load Current
[Amps]
Max Voltage
[Volts]
Continuous Power
[Watts]
Weight
[Grams]
NeuMotors
1110/6D
1400 0.3 38 500 114
Motor Selection based on the weight, speed and
thrust thrust requirement of the plane
NeuMotors: ideal efficiency and build quality
Ideal watts per pound
High voltage to reach max wattage without passing
amp limit
6.7 gear ratio
Propeller Details
APC C-2 electric propeller
2 blades
Large diameter and small pitch
Propeller size selection
MotorCalc and Eagle Tree
16x8
Compromise between pitch speed and static thrust


Aerodynamics: Wing Design
Wing Airfoil Selection
Wing Sizing
Figure: Isometric View of Wing
Dimensions:
o Wingspan = 54
o (not including fuselage)
o Chord length = 9.5
o Aspect Ratio =
Design:
o Rectangular planform shape
o No taper
o No dihedral
o Cut-off wing tips
Wing Controls Surface Sizing
Determined minimum control surface size needed
Aileron span
Sized ailerons and flaps to be the same size

Figure: Wing Ailerons and Flaps
Wing Structure
Figure: Wing Spar And Stringer Structure
Balsa Wing
Connector
Carbon Spars
Balsa D-Section
Mylar Skin
Balsa Stringers
Stability & Controls: Tail Design
Tail Design
Airfoil Choices
Flat Plate, Cambered, Symmetrical
Sizing
Stability
Servo Placement
Tail connection
Materials
Testing
Horizontal Tail
Tail Volume Coefficient Equation
TVC = S
tail
*L
tail-wing
/ (S
wing
*M.A.C.)

Horizontal Tail
flat plate
TVC: 0.67
Span: 28.3 in.
Chord: 7 in.
Rudder
40% Horizontal Tail area
29% Chord
Span: 11 in.

Vertical Tail Sizing
Vertical Tail
NACA 008 airfoil
TVC: 0.67
Span: 28.3 in.
Chord: 7 in.
Elevator
40% Vertical Tail Area
29% Chord
Span: 28.3 in.
Structures: Key Components
Structures: Fuselage Design
Fuselage structure designed with expected external loads in mind.
External loads were translated into load paths.
Load paths were used to identify critical structural areas
Critical structural areas were reinforced
Landing gear, wing, tail attachment points
Figure: Aircraft Loads and Load Paths
Structures: Landing Gear Design
Gear Configuration -
tricycle
Wheel choice/sizing
Manufacturing
Servo attachment
Testing and
modifications

Nose Landing Gear



Main Landing Gear
Structures: Payload Containment
Mission 2 Payload Tray
Cargo: 6X6X6 blocks 1lb
each
Mission 3 Payload Tray
Structures: Payload Containment
Mission 2 Payload Tray
Cargos are strapped to payload
tray with velcro to a fitted tray
Positioned to maintain center
of gravity at quarter chord
Mission 3 Payload Tray
Cargos are similarly strapped to
the underside of fitted tray
Constraints determine the
fuselage dimensions
Final Aircraft Design &
Performance
Final Aircraft Design
Figure: Final Aircraft Dimensions
Aircraft Test Flight
Prototype Narwhal
Aircraft Test Flight
Jaws 1.0
Questions
Questions?
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