TP ON DU KH VIT NAM

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

Group 10
ROCK FAILURE MECHANISMS & PDC BIT
Dr. Nguyen Van Hung
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Members
1. Nguyen Quang Khai
2. Doan Nguyen Minh Son
3. Vu Xuan Van
4. Nguyen Xuan Tan Binh
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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Outline
1. Oil & gas drill bits overview
2. The Mohr criterion
3. Rock failure mechanisms
4. PDC bit

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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Oil & gas drill bits overview
Video
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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
The Mohr criterion

=
1
2

1
+
3

1
2

1

3
cos 2 (1)
=
1
2

1

3
sin 2 (2)
+2 = 90 (3)
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
The Mohr criterion-example
Problem:
A rock sample under a 2,000-psi confining pressure fails when
subjected to a compressional loading of 10,000 psi along a plane which
makes an angle of 27 with the direction of the compressional load.
Using the Mohr failure criterion, determine the angle of internal friction,
the shear strength, and the cohesive resistance of the material.

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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
The Mohr criterion-example
Solution:

The angles and 2 must sum to 90. Thus, the angle of internal
friction is given by
= 90-2(27)=36.
The shear strength is computed using Eq (2) as follows.
= 1/2(10,000-2,000) sin(54)=3,236.



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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
The Mohr criterion-example
Solution:
The stress normal to the fracture plane is computed using
Eq (1) as follows.

=1/2(10,000+2,000)- 1/2(10,000-2,000)cos(54)=3,649 psi.

The cohesive resistance can be computed by rearranging the
tangential line Eq as follows.
c=

tan
=3,236-3,649tan(36)
= 585 psi.




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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Rock failure mechanisms
Basic mechanisms of rock removal:


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1
Wedging
2
Scraping and grinding
3
Erosion
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Percussion or crushing
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Rock failure mechanisms
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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
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Cutters are expected to endure throughout the life of a bit.
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
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PDC bits drill primarily by shearing

Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
PDC cutters are set into bits to achieve specific rake (attack) angles
relative to the formation.
This angle contributes to bit performance by:
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Influencing cleaning efficiency.
Increasing bit aggressiveness.
Prolonging cutter life.
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
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-The tendency for cuttings to
stick to the bit face is reduced
-Reduce depth of cut and,
thus, ROP and bit vibration
-Increases cutter life
-Aggressiveness, depth of cut
and ROP are increased
-To maximize ROP when softer
formations are drilled
Increase
rake angle
Decrease
rake angle

Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering

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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
Factors affecting bit design and performance

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Mechanical design parameters
Materials
Hydraulic conditions
Properties of the rock being drilled
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
Cutting mechanics:
The method in which rock fails is important in bit design and
selection.
Formations that are drillable with PDC bits fail in shear rather than
compressive stress typified by the crushing and gouging action of
roller-cone bits.
In shear, the energy required to reach plastic limit for rupture is
significantly less than by compressive stress.

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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
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Hybrid drill bit
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
PDC bit
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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Summary
1. Oil & gas drill bits overview: Roller-cone bit and Fixed-cutter bit
2. The Mohr criterion: The Mohr criterion, Problem and solution
3. Rock failure mechanisms:
4. PDC bit: Properties and Hybrid drill bit

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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
References
http://petrowiki.org
http://youtube.com
Baker Hughes
Adam T.Bourgoyne Jr, Keith K.Millheim, Martin E.Chenevert, F.S.
Young Jr, Applied Drilling Engineering
PGS.TS L Phc Ho, C s khoan khai thc du kh
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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering
Future study plan
Study the Mohr criterion deeply
Study Rock failure mechanisms
Giving a subtitle to the recommended videos

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Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering 24
Rock Failure Mechanisms Drilling Engineering 25