PIONEER OF MODERN

PIONEER OF MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
(1887-1965)
Le Corbusier

Charles-douard
Jeanneret-Gris aka Le
Corbusier was a
Swiss-born French
architect.

1907 worked under

u!uste "errete at
"aris.

190# studied
architecture at
$ienna.

%urin! &orld &ar ' he

ca(e u) with %o(ino
house.

191# 19** -
de+elo)ed "urist
)aintin! with
,-en.ant.

"artnerin! with his

cousin/ the0 (ade a
series o. +illas.

1e +iewed house as 2a
(achine .or li+in! in3.

%el+ed into cit0

)lannin! and desi!ned
Chandi!arh.

%ied while swi((in!

in 4editerrenean sea
on 1956.

4echanical analo!0

Lin!uistic analo!0

Fi+e )oints o. rchitecture

7se o. pilotis i.e. rein.orced
concrete stilts
Free .a8ade
,)en 9oor )lan
Lon! hori-ontal ribbon
windows
:oo. !arden
UN
Headquarter
s
rchitects ;
Le Corbusier
,scar
<ie(e0er
Golden :atio
sse(bl0 1all
Chandi!ar
h
erial
$iew
Le Corbusier atte()ted to
reali-e his urban )lannin!
sche(es on a s(all scale
b0 constructin! a series o.
=unit>s= around France.
?he (ost .a(ous o. these
was the 7nit> d@1abitation
o. 4arseilles A19B5196*C.
K
e
y


F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
Stron! pilotis creatin! circulation
s)ace beneath
&indow .ro( outside
&indow .ro( inside
,. the5units built/ the one
in Eerlin has sui !eneris
characteristics/ since Le
Corbusier had to ada)t the
desi!n o. the buildin! to
the
Ger(an(odulatedre!ulat
or0 reFuire(ents
However, only 5 residential units
were built around the world. The
most famous of the units is that of
Marseilles, in France, called
theCit Radieuseor Radiant City
(1!5". #thers are located in
$antes%Re&> (15'", (erlin
(15)", (riey%en%For*t (15+" and
Firminy (1),".
-
'dea was to build these
lar!e units as
inde)endent s(all
towns/ each with (an0
diGerent housin! t0)es/
.ro( a)art(ents .or
sin!les to .a(il0
residences .or u) to 10
)eo)le
-
)ublic .acilities were to
be included that allow
these units to o)erate
autono(ousl0 /such as
sho)s/ s)orts areas
(edical and educational
.acilities within the
buildin!
.
.arden Terrace Radieuse Cit>, the
/nit> d0Habitation in Marseille
-
+olu(es are
essentiall0
elon!ated boHes/
su))orted on )ilotis
in order to achie+e
better s)atial
inte!ration with its
)edestrian
en+iron(ent.
-
terrace used as a
!arden to
co()ensate
occu)ied area to
nature
-
Le Corbusier@s
)ro)osal .or Eerlin
includes 6I0
a)art(ents in 17
le+els. accessed onl0
throu!h 9 streets
with wide corridors/
.or social interaction.
7nit> Erie0-en-ForJt.
the ho(es are du)leH/ that is to sa0/ a two-stor0
a)art(ent/ and ha+e internal stairs/ enKo0in!
(ore s)aciousness
Sna)shots
ori!inal
a)art(ents/eH)ressin
!
co(.ort and (odernit0
Sna)shots
he intended to eH)ress the indi+idualit0 o.
each de)art(ent throu!h series o. color
tones a))lied in the lar!e white can+as which
is the buildin!@s .acade.
Ntre Dame du Haut
:oncha()/
France
com1le2 is com1osed of several elements, leaded by the cha1el, the es1lanade,
the residence of the mon3s, a memorial 1yramid and bell tower.
cha1el is located eccentrically on to1 of the hill and is oriented east%west, nearly
1er1endicular to the access 1ath.
The south facade
-
buildin! re9ects )rinci)les o. (odern architecture/ as its
austerit0/ its o)enness to the co((unit0 and its
conce)tion as a contrastin! ele(ent in the landsca)e.
-
?he cha)el owes its sha)e to its relationshi) to the
landsca)e. Lach o. the .acades res)onds to diGerent
attitudes; welco(e/ celebration/ ser+ice/ s0(bolis(.
-
. ?he roo. scul)tural character dra(ati-es the )ower and
(alleabilit0 o. the concrete to co()ose or!anic +olu(es.
-
. ll these ele(ents co(e to!ether to create a (0stical
and dra(atic interior s)ace in which li!ht is the
)rota!onist.
-
?he conca+e wall welco(es +isitors ascendin! .ro( the
)ath. 'ts broad-based trian!ular section see(s to be a
continuation o. the hill/ risin! to su))ort the roo..
-
?he southern wall is Fuite wide in the +icinit0 o. the
entrance AI.7 (C but it narrows and !ets hi!her at the
other end A1.7 (C.
-
?he wall thickness is e+idenced b0 the rando( )attern o.
rectan!ular windows o. diGerent si-e and orientation/
whose a))arent disorder is used to create an interior
li!htin! eGect.

-
entrance is 9anked b0 +ertical se(i-
c0lindrical ele(ent/ one o. the three
cha)els under the three (inor cha)els
included in the church.
-
access is stressed b0 chan!in! its color
to concrete and se)aratin! it .ro( the
white wall and cur+e.
-The wall is 1erforated by tiny
s4uarefenestrations and there is a
5lass bo2 which 3ee1s a statueof the
6ir5in Mary.
Nort !a"ade
-
Facin! a lar!e concourse o.
the )il!ri(s/ east conca+e
.a8ade houses a
s(alleHternalcha)el.
#$%t
To&er
D$'used
#$%t
sha1e of the windows in the thic3 wall, is cut obli4uely
and widen, allowin5 the li5ht to 5ently fade inside.
, the east wall, where the
altar is 1laced, has small
windows which from the
inside loo3 li3e stars. The
ed5e of the walls is
demarcated by a line of
li5ht,se1aratin5 them from
the roof.
$orth facades has ' cha1els flan3in5
the secondary access7 both
aresymmetricallyarran5ed around the
a2is of the door. However, their curved
sha1e invite to access to the interior.
8est facades has semi%cylindrical
towers with lateral incisions. Their
verticality is a counter1oint to the
hori&ontality of the buildin5.
9n the center of the wall is located a
5ar5oyle, the visible 1art of the roof,
which collects rain water and drain it to
a concrete fountain scul1ture
underneath.
A(stra"t
Fou)ta$)
"Above the drawing board I have the
shell of a crab collected in Long Island
near New York. It will be the roof of the
chapel: two laers of concrete ! c"
thick and separations of #.#$ ". %he
shell will be sustained on recovered
stone walls. "
"%he shell has been placed on
the walls that are absurdl but
practicall thick. Inside the"
however are reinforced
concrete colu"ns. %he shell will
rest in these colu"ns but it will
not touch the wall. A hori&ontal
crack of light '( c" widewill
a"a&e." Le Corbusier.
ROOF
*$++a
Sa+o0e

#o"at$o), "oiss0/ France

Date, 19*# to 19*9

Co)stru"t$o) -ystem,
:ein.orced Concrete and
)lastered unit (asonr0

C+$mate, ?e()erate

-ty+e, 4odern
M?he rein.orced concrete !i+es us the )ilotis.
?he house is u) in the air/ .ar .ro( the
!round; the !arden runs under the house...N
@?he colu(ns set back .ro(
the .acades/ inside the
house. ?he 9oor continues
cantile+ered. ?he .acades
are no lon!er an0thin! but
li!ht skins o. insulatin! walls
or windows. ?he .acade is
.ree.@
@7ntil now; load-bearin! wallsO P. .or(in! the
!round 9oor and the u))er stories/ u) to the
ea+es. ?he la0out is a sla+e to the su))ortin!
walls. :ein.orced concrete in the house
)ro+ides a .ree )lanQ...N
@?he window is one
o. the essential
.eatures o. the
house. :ein.orced
concrete )ro+ides a
re+olution in the
histor0 o. the
window. &indows
can run .ro( one
end o. the .acade
to the other.@
@...the !arden is also o+er the house/ on the
roo....N
.rou)d F+oor
P+a)
F$rst F+oor
P+a)
-e"t$o) Dra&$)%
Ram/ a)d -ta$rs
I)ter$or
*$e&s
THE SECRETARIAT
-
't consists o. L-sha)ed
block/ .ra(ed b0 a
concrete co+er that
.unctions as a lar!e
u(brella that un.olds
!race.ull0 in the sha)e o.
arches .
-
Le Corbusier used to sa0
that both the sun and the
rain are co()onents o.
the architecture/ and
there.ore a))lied his
conce)t o.brise-soleil.
-
Eoth .ront and rear .acades are
s)atiall0linkedthrou!h a )ortico .or(ed b0
three lar!e )ainted concrete colu(ns .
:etail of the facade of the Court,
showin5 different 5rid com1ositions.
:etail of the concrete 1arasol and its
encounter with the 1lates.
-buildin5 contains ; hi5h courts, su1reme cour se1arated by1lates .
-courts are s1aces of ; < ; < 1' meters, in which =e Corbusier a11lied
another of his well%3nown 1rinci1les, the modulation system 3nown as
modulor.
-:etail the 1erforations in the ram1s for
im1ressive view of entire ca1itol com1le2
-
,n the roo./ Le
Corbusier de+ised a set
o. outdoor terraces/
which un.ortunatel0
toda0 are used as
warehouses.
4ain .acade o. the Secretariat.
-
the other end
o. the Ca)itol/
the
Secretariatis a
lon!/ #-stor0/
*B6 ( lon!
and B* hi!h
block.
-9n contrast to the
li5ht 5rid of the
facade, there is a
massive scul1tural
element, 1ierced
by small windows,
that houses a
series of internal
ram1s.
:etails of how the facade is dynami&ed
by a scul1tural element that enriches the
com1osition.
?he SecretariatGarden-
terrace
The front 5rid is rotated
:etail of the tower of the
shadows.(ehind the >ssembly
buildin5
"it is possible to control the sunlight in the 4
corners of a building, play with it even in a
hot country and nally obtain low
te!peratures"
MONUMENT TO OPEN HAND0
9t is a lar5e rectan5ular
bloc3 that reaches ?; m
at its hi5hest 1oint.
9nstead two le5islative
houses of curved forms
are lin3ed by a foyer.
.ame volume on the terrace of the
>ssembly
"resented E0;
nchal
?ha)a1*510
Sahil
Guleria1*511
(it
Eharti1*51*