Comprehensive Sap Basis Training Day 1

IBM Global Business Services
Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Module 1: Introduction to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Module 2: SAP Project Lifecycle
3 Module 3: Fundamentals of SAP WAS
Module 4: Starting and Stopping SAP Systems

Day 1: Module map
SAP Basis FastTrak WAS 700
1

Course Title
Introduction to ERP
Module 1
Module 1: Objectives
After completion of this module, you should be
able to:
Define an ERP
Relate SAP to an ERP
Understand the evolution of SAP
Identify the components of SAP.
Understand SAP Netweaver Concept.
Understand the various kinds of Client-Server
Architecture from SAP perspective.
Know SAPs Release and Maintenance
Strategy

SAP Basis FastTrak WAS 700 3
Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 SAP Basis FastTrak WAS 700
Module 1: Agenda
Topic 1: ERP: Definition
Topic 2: Relation between SAP and ERP
Topic 3: SAP evolution
Topic 4: Components of SAP
Topic 5: Features of Sap Netweaver
Topic 6: SAP client-server architecture
Topic 7: SAP release and maintenance strategy
4
Large corporations developed their software in-house.
These software aimed at automating functional
processes.
Advantages:
Application tailored to Organizations requirement.
Disadvantages:
Systems could not be changed on demand.
Excessive change made the applications difficult to
manage.
Required large number of skilled in-house personnel to
maintain the systems.
Very high cost of maintenance.

Enterprise computing in the 70s
5

Make vs. Buy vs. Mix n Merge
Make Buy Mix n Merge
In-house
developed
applications

3
rd
Party
developed
applications
Packaged
Corporate
Applications,
such as SAP
& Oracle
Financials
1970s 1980s 1990s
6

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
ERP is the planning of how business resources (materials, employees,
customers etc.) are acquired and moved from one state to another.

7
Overview of SAP
The SAP system is software which is composed of different software and a
server as a whole and has the ability to perform standard business functions
for corporations.
SAP (pronounced ess-aye-pea ) is based in Walldorf, Germany .
It stands for Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing.
Its an ERP Package.
SAP's foundation is built upon the concepts of specialization and integration.
It is world premier provider of client/server business solutions.
SAP products can be broken down further into modules portions of
functionality.

Evolution of SAP AG
SAP was founded in the year 1972 as Systemanalyse und
Programmentwicklung ("System Analysis and Program Development")
The acronym was later changed to stand for Systeme, Anwendungen und
Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung ("Systems, Applications and Products in
Data Processing").
In 1976 "SAP GmbH" is founded and the following year it moved
headquarters to Walldorf .
SAP AG became the company's official name in 2005 (AG is short for
Aktiengesellschaft).
In August 1988, SAP GmbH transferred into SAP AG (a corporation by
German law).
In 1995, SAP was included in the German stock index DAX and On August 3,
1998, the letters S-A-P appear for the first time on the Big board at the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSW).
Henning Kagermann became the sole CEO of SAP in 2003 till date.
9
Technical solutions
In 1972 the SAP R/1 solution was launched -the first
financial accounting software.
Seven years later, in 1979, SAP launched SAP R/2.
In 1981, SAP brought a completely re-designed
solution to market. With the change from R/2 to R/3
in 1992.
10

ERP packages
SAP ERP 6.0 from SAP
mySAP from SAP
SAP Business One from SAP
PeopleSoft from Oracle
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne & JD Edwards World
from Oracle

11
R/2 system
SAP R/2 is a real-time enterprise resource planning (ERP) software.
R/2 is SAP AG mainframe software that runs on IBM, Siemens, Amdahl, and
compatible equipment.
R/2 can be linked to R/3 systems and share online data.
R/2 system is mainly targeted at enterprises with data intensive and
centralized industries.
R/2 is the predecessor of the client/server R/3 system.
R/2 system offers comprehensive, fully functional business applications to
satisfy the demands of mainframe users.
12
R/3 system and further on
SAP R/3 is a client/server based application and it is designed to run
simultaneously across several separate computer systems.
The R/3 architecture allows distribution of the workload to multiple PC's
connecting in a network.
The SAP runtime system is designed in such a way that it distributes the
presentation, application logic and the data management to different
computers.
SAP R/3 is arranged into distinct functional modules. The most widely used
modules are Financials and Controlling (FICO), Human Resources (HR),
Materials Management (MM), Sales & Distribution (SD), and Production
Planning (PP).
By 1996, the company had earned 1,089 new SAP R/3 customers. At the end
of the year, SAP R/3 has been installed in more than 9,000 systems
worldwide.
13
SAPs go-to-market-approach
Source: SAP
14
SAP product portfolio
Industry Solutions
IS- Aerospace & Defense
IS- Automotive
IS- Oil
SAP xAPPS
SAP xAPP Resource &
Management
SAP xAPP Product Definition

SAP Smart Business Solutions
mySAP All-in-One
SAP Business One
mySAP Business Suite
mySAP ERP
mySAP SCM
mySAP CRM
mySAP PLM
mySAP SRM

SAP NetWeaver
SAP Enterprise Portal
SAP Master Data Management
SAP Business Information Warehouse
SAP Exchange Infrastructure
SAP Mobile Infrastructure
SAP Web Application Server
Basic elements of SAP solution
SAP NetWeaver: Technological infrastructure for all SAP solutions.
SAP Business Suite: Compromise of cross-industry, SAP Netweaver based
solutions.
SAP Smart Business Solutions: SAP solution for small and midsize
businesses.
The mySAP All-in-One solution is an SAP R/3- based system that has been
extended with business functions from other SAP solutions. This means that
each combination of functions result in a different mySAP All-in-one package.
SAP Packaged Solutions offer a similar approach. These solution are
packages of functions from different solutions of mySAP Business Suite
combined individually for each customer.

16
Basic elements of SAP solution
SAP xAPPS (Collaborative Cross Applications): Allow for integration of
existing applications with each other by accessing existing datasets and
functions using open interfaces. This means that new applications can be
implemented based on an existing infrastructure.
Industry Solutions provide business functions for selected industries. These
functions are implemented in an SAP R/3(Enterprise) System and are
available as Add-Ons.

17
SAP business suite
Previously known as mySAP.com.
Its a complete spectrum of business solutions.
A technological infrastructure that combines
openness and flexibility with maturity and stability.
Interfaces for integrating non-SAP products.
Components that can be adapted to meet multiple
business requirements.
Numerous industry-specific functions.
18
SAP business suite (continued)
Comprises of the following solutions:
SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
SAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
SAP SRM (Supplier Relationship Management)
SAP SCM (Supply Chain Management)
SAP PLM ( Product Life-Cycle Management)
One of the major product is SAP NetWeaver.

19
Solutions and components
Many solutions for business
challenges are provided in context
of mySAP Business Suite.
Different solutions therefore
contain, in part, similar
components. Components refer
to, e.g. an SAP ECC system, an
SAP SCM system or also an SAP
Business Information Warehouse
system.

Source: SAP
20
Possibilities with SAP business suite
Possible Business Scenarios with SAP Business Suite
Source: SAP
21
NetWeaver is a technology stack provided by SAP to support SAP Business
Suite and its SAP solutions and other SAP products.
SAP Netweaver allows the integration of non-SAP products.
Customers can make use of the SAP NetWeaver functions for a specific
solution.
SAP for Industry solutions, not only provide add-ons to SAP components but
also preconfigurations and best practices.
mySAP ERP (now SAP ERP 6.0) is available since March 2003.
SAP offered a bundle of components supporting ERP business processes.
SAP R/3 Enterprise was one of those components.
SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) is next step in this evolution.
Some key features of SAP NetWeavers
22
R/3 / ECC Releases
Source: SAP
23
SAP NetWeaver
SAP NetWeaver is the technical basis of the solutions
from mySAP Business Suite and the Composite
Applications the SAP xAPPS.
It is also the core of the Enterprise Services Architecture,
SAP basic concept for Web Service solution.
It is the functionally successor of the SAP application
platform mySAP Technology and serves the basis for the
Enterprise Services Architecture, in order to meet
requests for flexibility and integration between systems,
interfaces, users and processes.
It connects information, business processes and people
across system and organizational boundaries.
It the central tool for reducing TCO of complex system
infrastructure.

Source: SAP
24
NetWeaver: A snapshot
Integration Layer Who would use it? What is it? Which Component?
People
Integration
Information
Integration
Process
Integration
Application
Platform
All users
Managers, Power
users,
Administrators &
Developers
Administrators &
Developers
Administrators
& Developers
Linking various
systems in a unified UI
Preparation &
consolidation of data
& data views
Modeling processes,
disturbing & grouping
data
Core technology on
which all NetWeaver
components are built
Enterprise Portal,
SAP Mobile
Infrastructure
Master Data
Management,
Business
Warehousing
XI
Web Application
Server
25
SAP NetWeaver provides core functions for the technical infrastructure of
your business solutions in four integration levels.
People Integration: This ensures the employees to have the information and
functions that is required to perform their work as quickly and efficiently as
possible.
Information Integration: The Information Integration level provides access to all
structured and unstructured information in the company.
Process Integration: Process Integration ensures that business processes run
across system boundaries in a heterogeneous system landscape.
Application Platform: With SAP Web Application Server, the Application Platform
has J2EE and ABAP runtime environments. Thus it supports Web applications and
Web services in an open development environment.

Integration Levels of SAP NetWeaver
26
SAP NetWeaver also supports cross-application software, so-called
composite applications or xAPPs. (xAPPs connect heterogeneous systems in
continuous cross-function processes so that the underlying applications can
be more or less ignored).
Different software interfaces ensures full interoperability of applications that
are running on Microsoft .NET and IBM WebSphere.

Integration Levels of SAP NetWeaver
27
Components of SAP NetWeaver
Source: SAP
28
SAP system architecture and WebAS
Source: SAP
29
SAP system architecture and WebAS (continued)
The SAP classic system architecture requires a database server, one or more
application servers, and one or more (typically hundreds or thousands of)
front-end presentation servers.
Many of SAP products (including ECC) are build upon powerful platform
called Web Application Server, or WebAS.
WebAS offers an "open" front-end.
Uses the most popular computer communication languages HTML, XML, Web
Services, and traditional "SAP."
It is very helpful for the programmers for customizing.
WebAS provide an "open" back-end.
A company deploying it, can navigate a number of different roads.

30
Client / server environment
A standard client/server environment connects workstations, printers, and
other client devices to a server.

Source: SAP
31
Three-tiered architecture
Source: SAP
32
The three layers are:
Presentation layer:
The PC-based GUI interface that is used by the end-user community.
Application layer:
The SAP application servers that service requests for data and manage the
interface to the presentation layer.
Database layer:
The actual DBMS that communicates with the application servers to fulfill their
requests for data.

Three-Tiered architecture (continued)
33
Advantages of Three-tier Architectures:
1. Scalability: Add machines in middle tier to support more users
2. Portability: It is possible to use different platforms at all levels.
3. Interoperability and openness: Middleware serves as platform to integrate and
interact with third-party products.
4. Nice GUIs: Presentation servers can interact with Microsoft Word, Excel, etc.

Three-Tiered architecture (continued)
34
The SAP Web as a fixed component of SAP systems
Every SAP system is based on the SAP Web as a runtime environment
Source: SAP
35
SAP Web Application Server (SAP Web AS)
Source: SAP
36
SAP Web Application Server (SAP Web AS) (continued)
SAP Web AS is the logical result of further development of the SAP.
Application Server Technology (formerly also known as SAP Basis), with
particular attention being paid to Web-based applications.
SAP Web Application Server offers:
A reliable and thoroughly tested runtime environment, evolved over more
than ten years.
A framework for executing complex business processes that meets the
highest security standards.
A reliable and user-friendly development environment.
Support for open technical standards, such as: HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP,
WebDAV, SOAP, SSL, SSO, X.509, Unicode, HTML, XML, and WML.
High scalability, inherited from SAP Basis.
Support for various operating systems and database systems.

37
SAPs release and maintenance strategy defines how SAP delivers and
maintains SAP applications and SAP NetWeaver.
SAPs release strategy assures the following:
Aligned availability
Availability of country, language, and platform versions
Possibilities for you to participate in different phases of shipment
Well-defined upgrade paths
SAPs maintenance strategy provides the following:
Aligned maintenance between SAP applications and SAP NetWeaver
A three-phase maintenance model to satisfy different customer needs
Well-defined timelines for different maintenance phases

SAPs release and maintenance strategy
38
The release strategy is based on the following principles:
You can obtain the entire mySAP Business Suite, individual SAP applications
or SAP NetWeaver.
SAP applications and SAP NetWeaver have their individual release cycles.
Usually, SAP delivers a new release of SAP NetWeaver first, and shortly
afterwards, new releases for SAP applications of mySAP Business Suite
follow synchronously.
SAP always gives you access to the current release of an SAP application
and to procedures to upgrade to the current release.
A new release of an SAP application can always be integrated with any
release of any other SAP application that is still in mainstream and extended
maintenance.
This approach offers you maximal flexibility for continuous improvement.
Release strategy
39
The Ramp-Up
Ramp-Up process is SAPs process of introducing new application releases to
the market.
Ramp-Up program provides a risk-free way for you to implement new SAP
software as soon as it becomes available.
At the beginning of the Ramp-Up process, SAP identifies target industries as
well as customers who then implement and use the new release in closely
monitored and documented projects.
During the Ramp Up, the software is only available for limited circle of
customers, customers apply at SAP to participate in Ramp-Up.
The Ramp-Up servers to take customer wishes into consideration before the
respective SAP software is generally available (unrestricted shipment).
Participants in Ramp-Up are given direct contact to the SAP development and
are provided with wide support in implementing the SAP software.
40
Maintenance strategy
The maintenance strategy for cross-industry applications is based on the
following principles:
SAP offers three successive maintenance phases: mainstream maintenance,
extended maintenance, and customer-specific maintenance.
SAP provides support packages during mainstream maintenance and
extended maintenance. The delivery frequency of support packages is
dependent on the maintenance phase.
SAP also provides legal changes to adapt the SAP application to new or
changed legal requirements during mainstream and extended maintenance.
As part of its release strategy, SAP announces the planned period and scope
of mainstream maintenance for a release as soon as the release is
announced
5-1-2 maintenance strategy.

41
Maintenance strategy (continued)
Source: SAP
42
The SAP software maintenance strategy for SAP R/3 and
mySAP ERP
Source: SAP
43
The SAP system is software which is composed
of different software and a server as a whole and
has the ability to perform standard business
functions for corporations. Its stands for
Systems, Applications and Products in Data
Processing.
SAP has evolved from a R/2 to R/3 type
architecture.
SAP Web Application server opens up a variety
of new opportunities.
SAP follows a release and maintenance strategy.

Module takeaways
44
Questions and Answers
Module 1: Summary
Having completed this module, you should now be
able to:
Define an ERP
Relate SAP to an ERP
Recognize the evolution of SAP
Identify the various components of SAP
Put in your own words the underlying features of
SAP Netweaver
Categorize various kinds of client-server
architecture from a SAP perspective
Analyze SAPs release as well as maintenance
strategy

Course Title
SAP Project Lifecycle
Module 2
On completion of this module, you should be
able to:
Describe the different phases of SAP
Project Lifecycle

Module 2: Agenda
Topic 1: SAP Project Lifecycle
SAP project lifecycle
50
Evaluations
Project
Preparation
Business
Blueprint
Realization Testing
Final
Preparations
Go live
Sustain/
Support
A typical new SAP implementation lifecycle
Sustain
Sustain
Evaluation
Realization Testing
Final
Preparation
Go live
Sustain
A Typical Multiphase SAP Implementation
The stages are described briefly below:
Evaluation: This may be a decision to choose between different software vendors
or selection of products from a single vendor.
Project Preparation: Since a SAP implementation intends to map the
organization processes to the ones defined by SAP, the implementation needs to
be have on-board people with complete knowledge of the organization business
processes. The project preparation phase, amongst other things, aims to identify
this team.
Business Blueprint: What modules of the SAP product would be used and the
mapping of the existing business processes to the processes provided by SAP.
Realization: The actual work of adapting the SAP software to be aligned with the
organizations business processes is done is this phases. This would include
customizing the software and also development of new objects based on
requirement.

The stages of SAP project lifecycle
51
The stages of SAP project lifecycle (continued)
Testing: The changes made in realization phase need to be tested in isolation as
well as in a consolidated manner using real life like data. This is done in the testing
phase
Final preparation: The production system is prepared using the changes from the
realization & testing phases. Certain activities need to be done directly in the
production system as well- these are done during the Final preparation phase.
Go-live: Releasing the productive system to the end-users. The go-live may be
done in a Big Bang (all modules at one go) or in a phase-by-phase manner.
Sustain / support: The project now moves into the sustain & maintain phase,
where end-users issues would be resolved & ongoing maintenance of the system
would be taken care of.

Module takeaways
A SAP project lifecycle consists of various
stages starting from evaluation to the projects
subsequent support.

Module 2: Summary
Having completed this module, you should now
be able to:
Identify the different phases of SAP Project
Lifecycle


Course Title
Fundamentals of SAP WAS
Module 3
able to:
Interpret the architecture of SAP Web
Application Server (WAS)
Describe ABAP and JAVA Processes
Identify the different types of SAP WAS

SAP NetWeaver
NetWeaver is essentially an umbrella term, encompassing a number of SAP
products and technologies that combine to create a platform for building,
extending, and integrating enterprise applications.
It has built in interoperability which hooks into SAP-, Microsoft-, and Java-
based technologies.
Development cost is decreased.
Integration is enabled, speeding up time to deploy as well as shrinking the
time necessary to perform system upgrades and so on.
Total cost of ownership is reduced significantly because maintenance and
support costs are dramatically reduced. Thus, innovation is enabled; IT can
spend more time meeting the needs of the business, and less time
maintaining existing solutions.

SAP Web AS / Basis available platform
Source: SAP
SAP Web AS / Basis available platform (continued)
The WebAS / Basis layer manages all your application modules within your
SAP system and ensures that these modules are integrated. It enables
platform independence as well. Some important functions of the WebAS /
Basis System include:
Constitutes the run time environment for SAP
Represents the heart of the administrative core of SAP
Enables management and distribution of your SAP technical components and
resources
Permits optimal integration of the various SAP applications into the overall
computing environment
Establishes a stable structural framework for system upgrades, enhancements,
and so on
Makes it possible to interface with third-party applications and products, thus
extending SAP functionality beyond its own innate capabilities

Components of SAP WEB AS
Message Server (Service):
The Message Server handles
the communication between the
distributed dispatchers within the
ABAP stack, and enables
scalability of several parallel
ASs. The message server is
configured only once per SAP
System.
Dispatchers
Gateway Server (Service):
The gateway server (GW) enables
communication between SAP
systems or between SAP systems
and external application systems.
There is one Gateway per
dispatcher.

Internet Communication Manager ICM (Service):
ICM enables SAP systems to communicate directly
with the Internet. The ICM receives requests from the
Internet and forwards them to the SAP system for
processing. It also does recognize whether the
request is a call of business server page or a JAVA
application and forwards the request to ABAP or
JAVA stack accordingly. You can configure a
Maximum of one ICM process per application server.
Enqueue Work Process:
The Enqueue work process
administers the lock table in the
shared memory. The lock table
contains the logical database locks
of the ABAP stack. Only one
enqueue work process is needed for
each SAP system.
Dialog Work Process:
THE Dialog work process fulfil all
requests for the execution of dialog
steps triggered by an active user.
Every dispatcher requires at least
two dialog work processes.
Update Work Process:
Update work processes execute
update requests. You need at least
one update work process per SAP
system and you can have more
than one per dispatcher.
*** You can use
transaction SM50 to
display an overview of
ABAP work process
Spool Work Process:
The Spool work process pass sequential
data flows on to printers. Every SAP
system requires at least one Spool work
process. However, there can be more
than one per dispatcher.
Background Work Process:
The background work processes execute
programs that run without user interaction. At
least two background work processes are
required per SAP system. More than one
background work processes can be
configured per dispatcher.
Important terms for SAP WEB AS
The ABAP dispatcher
Dialog work processes (DIA)
Spool work processes (SPO)
Update work processes (UPD and
UPD2)
Background work processes (BGD)
The enqueue work process (ENQ)

The ABAP
dispatcher
Dialog work
processes (DIA)
Spool work
processes (SPO)
Update work
processes (UPD
and UPD2)
Background work
processes (BGD)
The enqueue work
process (ENQ)
Java processes
The following processes exist in the
Java environment:
The Java dispatcher
The Java server process
The Java message service
The Java enqueue service
The SAP Java Connector (Jco)

Java
Environment
The Java
dispatcher
The Java
server
process
The Java
message
service
The Java
enqueue
service
The SAP Java
Connector
(Jco)
ABAP services
In addition, the (ABAP) runtime system provides additional services (these are
not work processes) for internal and external communication:
The message server (MS) handles the communication between the distributed
dispatchers within the ABAP stack of an SAP system.
The gateway server (GW) enables communication between SAP systems, or
between SAP systems and external application systems. There is one per
dispatcher.
An instance is an administrative unit that combines SAP system components
providing one or more services.
The instance shows all the processes that are required for error-free operation of
an SAP system, collected on one instance. This instance is distinguished from all
other instances of the SAP system and is also called central instance.
The services that an application server can provide are determined by the type of
work processes it has.

Java basics
The Java programming language was first introduced by the company Sun
Microsystems Inc.in 1995.
Java is an object-oriented and platform-independent programming language
that is widely used in many areas.
The powerful concept of Java allows the development of a large number of
different types of application - from the classic application using Applets
implemented in Web pages to client/server applications.
Java was designed to be platform-independent. This means that the same
Java program can be executed on any system for which a Java Runtime
Environment (JRE) is available.
In particular, Java applications can run on different systems that are based on
different hardware.

Basic java programs
You need to differentiate between two basic types of Java programs,
applications and applets:
Applications: Java applications are computer programs with the full functional
range also provided by other programming languages.
Applets: The term applet essentially means little application. It usually means a
Java applet, a small computer program that runs in a Web browser and is written
in the Java programming language.

Three tier java architecture
Source: SAP
Java services
All Java components of an SAP system are known as a Java cluster. A Java
cluster consists of:
A (central) Java instance with a dispatcher and at least one server process.
The central services, which contain a message server and an enqueue server.
A database for the central storage of data.
Optionally, additional Java instances.
The central services provide the basis for communication and synchronization for
the java cluster:
The message service administers a list of the dispatchers and the server
processes of the Java cluster.
The enqueue service administers logical locks that are set in a server process by
the executed application program. It is also used for cluster-wide synchronization.

Java processes
The dispatcher distributes incoming requests to the server processes.
The server process executes the Java applications.
Every server process is multi-threaded and can thus process a large number
of requests in parallel (in contrast to the ABAP work processes). For each
dispatcher there is at least one server processes and there can be up to 16
server processes.
The Java message service manages a list of Java dispatchers and server
processes. It is responsible for the communication within the Java runtime
environment.
The Java enqueue service manages logical locks that are set by the executed
Java application program in a server process.
The Software Deployment Manager (SDM) is the standard tool used to install
Java software components on the SAP Web AS Java.
Multiple NetWeaver instances with AS Java
Source: SAP
Instance in ABAP environment
Dispatcher
Message Server
Instance Instance
Central Instance
** The terms (SAP) instance and (SAP web) application server are often used as synonyms.

Dispatcher
Dispatcher
Instances in an ABAP + Java environment
Message
Server
Internet Communication Manager
Central
Services
ABAP Schema
JAVA Schema
SAP GUI Web Browser / Web Server
JCo
WP WP WP
ABAP JAVA
SDM
JAVA Server
Processes
ABAP Dispatcher
JAVA Dispatcher

Different types of the SAP Web AS
SAP Web AS
JAVA System
SAP Web AS
ABAP + JAVA
System (Add-In
Installation)
Web AS
Installation
Types
SAP Web AS
ABAP System
SAP Web AS ABAP
System:
Complete Infrastructure in
which is ABAP based
applications can be
developed and used.
SAP Web AS JAVA
System:
Complete Infrastructure for
developing and using
J2EE base applications
SAP Web AS ABAP + JAVA
(Add-In) System:
Complete Infrastructure in
which ABAP based and J2EE
based applications can be
developed and used. This
installation emphasizes the
seamless Java ABAP
integration
1
2
3
3
2
1

NOTE:
One of the main characteristics of the SAP Web AS is that ABAP
tables, programs and application data are stored in the ABAP schema
of the database while JAVA data is stored in the JAVA schema. Here,
the ABAP runtime environment can access the ABAP schema of the
database, and the JAVA runtime environment can access the JAVA
schema. The SAP Java Connector is used for integrating the ABAP
environment and the JAVA environment (JCo).
Module takeaways

The SAP WAS consists of an ABAP engine
and a JAVA engine.
They are constituted by different processes in
SAP WAS Architecture.
The Message Service and Enqueue service
comprise the central services.

Module 3: Summary
be able to:
Interpret the architecture of SAP Web
Application Server (WAS)
Describe ABAP and JAVA Processes
Identify the different types of SAP WAS
Starting and Stopping of SAP Systems
Module 4
able to:
Describe the start sequence of an
ABAP+JAVA System
Analyze how to start and stop an SAP
system using SAP MMC, JAVA MC or
command line argument
Recall the JAVA instance from ABAP
interface

Module 4: Agenda
Topic 1: Start sequence of an ABAP+JAVA
System
Topic 2: Start and stop an SAP system using SAP
MMC, JAVA MC or command line argument
Topic 3: Restart JAVA instance
Start process of SAP System (ABAP + Java)
Source: SAP
Starting the SAP system
Operating system: Windows 2000/2003
Microsoft Management Console using
SAP MMC Snap-In
Central instance
Other instance
DB
3
4
1
2
<sid>adm
If not started
log-on
Start
Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 SAP Basis FastTrak WAS 700 82
Source: SAP
System start: Logs
MMC with SAP MMC
Snap-In
Microsoft Windows
SAP<sid>_no.
SAPOsCOL
Database Services
Security log
System log
Application
log
Services
Start process logging in the system
Source: SAP
Problem analysis
SAP MMC Snap-In
DB
SAP
INSTANCE
Event Viewer
Database error log files
SAP<sid>instance no.
Database service
SAP trace files
SAP system log
SM21: System logs
Stopping SAP systems
Why ?: For maintenance purposes or after changing system parameters,
before installing kernel patches, or allowing hardware upgrades to be carried
out.
Things to be kept in mind before stopping:

Check the status of
Send a system message SM02

Stopping the SAP system
CCMS
SAP Instance
SAP System
Admin
SAP MMC
Snap-in
<sid>adm
Database Tools
DATABASE
SAPOsCOL
sap<sid>_<inst.no.>
Database Services
Windows Service
Control Manager
SAP Microsoft Management Console: Windows
SAP MMC provides a common framework for system management.
It allows various tools that were previously implemented separately to be
integrated in a common user-interface enabling centralised system
management.
It provides an environment for incorporating and accessing tools.
Tools are integrated in the SAP MMC in the form of snap-ins that allow
standardised access to functions.
Services concept in Windows
Database process SAP process
NT service control manager
Registry
Operating system: Microsoft Windows
DB services
SAP services OS services

Using SMICM to restart Java
In the case of SAP NetWeaver AS
ABAP + Java, it is possible to allow
the ABAP stack to continue running,
and only stop and then restart the
Java stack.
You do this using transaction
SMICM.
You can either start / stop the (local)
instance onto which you are logged
in the transaction SMICM or
start/stop all the instances in the
(global) Java cluster.

Using SMICM to restart Java (continued)
SAP NetWeaver AS Java is started and stopped in the same way as SAP
NetWeaver AS ABAP + Java by means of the SAP Management Console /
Java MC.


JAVA MC
SAP MC is a Java application which is supplied as a Java applet as standard.
You simply use a Web browser to do this.
To use the applet correctly, you require a JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
of version 1.4 or higher. In addition, the corresponding Java plug-in for the
browser must be activated correctly.
To start SAP MC after installing the corresponding SAP NetWeaver AS, enter
the below URL in your browser:
http://<host name>:5<instance number>13

Unix
Log on in UNIX as a user with SAP administrator authorization (<sid>adm). To
start the central instance, call the shell script startsap_<host>_<instance no> in
the home directory of the <sid>adm user.
The script startsap first starts the saposcol process which collects statistical
data for the operating system that it provides to the SAP system.
The next step is a check to see if the database is running. If not, the script
startdb is called to start the database.
The final step starts all of the processes for the instance (message server,
dispatcher, work processes, and so on). After the central instance is started,
you can optionally start other instances. The startsap script can be called with
the following options:
DB: starts the database system
R3: starts the instances and associated processes for the instance
ALL: starts the database system and the instance (default setting, can be omitted)
Unix (continued)
When you stop the SAP system, you should first stop all dialog instances and
then stop the central instance. You have two options for doing this:
From the SAP system using the CCMS Control Panel. Log on under UNIX as
the SAP administrator (<sid>adm) at operating system level and enter the
command stopsap from your home directory.
The stopsap script can be called with the following options:
DB: stops the database system with the help of the stopdb script
R3: stops the instances of the SAP system
ALL: stops the database system and the instance (default setting, can be omitted)
OS/400
Logon on to the AS/400 system with the SAP user profile for administrators.
The authorizations of the group profile <SID>OPRGRP are required for this
user (such as user profile <SID>OFR or <SID>OPR ).
Enter the AS/400 command STARTSAP and request parameters with F4.
Under SAP System ID, enter the name of your system (such as DEV).
Under R/3 Instance, enter the instance number (such as 00). To start all
instances on one or more hosts, choose *ALL.
Under R/3 Instance Host Name, enter the name of the host on which the
instance is to be started. To start all instances on all hosts, choose *ALL. (You
must also have selected *ALL under R/3 Instance.)
OS/400 (continued)
Confirm your entries with ENTER. The subsystem R3_nn is then started for
each started instance (<nn> is the instance number). All associated SAP
services are started together with the subsystem (such as dispatcher, work
processes, spool processes).
Enter the AS/400 command WRKACTJOB SBS(R3_<nn>) to check whether
the SAP system(s) were started correctly.
The system displays a screen with the column Status at the right-hand side. If
an SAP system was started correctly, the first line of this column should
contain the value RUN (running), SELW (waiting), or DEQW (waiting for
completion of unlocking). It can take a few minutes for the file system to reach
this status.
OS/400 (continued)
Logon on to the AS/400 system with the SAP user profile for administrators
(<SID>OFR or <SID>OPR).
Enter the AS/400 command STOPSAP and request parameters with F4.
Under SAP System ID, enter the name of the SAP system that you want to
stop.
Under R/3 Instance, enter the number of the instance that you want to stop,
such as 90.
To stop all instances on one or more hosts, choose *ALL.
OS/400 (continued)
Under R/3 Instance Host Name enter *LOCAL to stop one or more instances
on the local host. To stop all instances on all hosts, choose *ALL. (You must
also have chosen *ALL under R/3 Instance.)
If you enter *YES under Wait for instance to end, the command STOPSAP
waits until the SAP instance is shut down before stopping the SAP system.
(The instance is regarded as shut down if the number of active instance user
jobs in the instance subsystem, other than the SAPOSCOL job, is zero.)
Under Maximum wait time (seconds), you can enter the maximum time that
the command should wait for the instance to be shut down. The default value
is 120 (two minutes). If it takes longer than two minutes for the instance to be
shut down, an exception message is sent. Confirm your entries with ENTER.

Module takeaways

The SAP Processes follow a definite start
sequence.
The log files are located in specific folders in
an SAP system.
System can be stopped/started using SAP
MMC in windows.
Command line argument or JAVA management
console exists for other systems. (AS JAVA
usage type)

Module 4: Summary
be able to:
Describe the start sequence of an
ABAP+JAVA System
Analyze how to start and stop an SAP system
using SAP MMC, JAVA MC or
command line argument
Recall the JAVA instance from ABAP interface


Comprehensive Sap Basis Training Day 1

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