KHNG SINH V

KHNG CA VI KHUN
VI KHNG SINH
KHNG SINH ( ANTIBIOTICS)
1928
Fleming m t hin tng
nhim nm penicillium
notatum trn da cy t
cu

1932
Domagk
tm ra sulfonamid
1940
penicillin
c sn
xut v
dng ln
u
1944
Tm ra
streptomycin
1948
Tm ra
tetracyclin
1952
Erythromycin
1960s
Cc KS Bn
tng hp
Cc mc tm ra cc cht khng sinh u tin
PHT HIN KHNG SINH V S KHNG
KHNG SINH NM PHT
HIN
NM A
VO S
DNG
PHT HIN
KHNG
Penicillin 1928 1940
Sulfonamid 1932 1936 -
Streptomycin 1944 1947 1947,1956
Tetracyclin 1948 1952 1956
Erythromycin 1952 1955 1956
Vancomycin 1956 1972 1987
Gentamycin 1963 1967 1970
Chloramphenicol - 1949 1953
Quinolone - 1962 -
KHNG SINH NGUN GC
Penicillin Penicillium notatum
Polymyxin Bacillus polymyxa
Streptomycin Streptomyces griseus
Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)
v Tetracycline
Streptomyces aureofaciens
Erythromycin Streptomyces erythraeus
Bacitracin Bacillus subtilis
Gentamycin Micromonospora purpurea
Chloramphenicol Streptomyces venezuelae
Cephalothin Cephalosporium
Sulfonamid Ha hc- Thuc nhum mu
vi si
Khng sinh v ngun gc vi sinh vt
Cu Trc Ha Hoc Ca Peptodoglycan
C CH TC DNG CA PENICILLIN V CEPHALOPORIN
Cc khng sinh penicillin v cephalospin (beta-lactamin)
Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi
khun
V d
Cc penicillin
t nhin
Penicillium
notatum
Cc vi khun Gram
dng
Penicillin
G
Cc penicillin
bn tng hp
Bn tng hp Cc vi khun Gram
dng v Gram m
Ampicillin
Amoxicilli
n
Cc penicillin
khng
penicillinase
Bn tng hp Vi khun Gram
dng
Methicilli
n
Oxacillin
Monobactam Chromobacte
rium
violaceum
Vi khun Gram
dng v Gram m
Aztreona
m
Carboxypenem Streptomyces
cattleya
Vi khun Gram
dng v Gram m
Imipenem
Cephalosporin
t nhin ( th
h 1)
Cephalosporin Vi khun Gram
dng
Cephalothin
Cephalosporin
th h 2
Bn tng hp Vi khun Gram
dng v Gram
m
Cefuroxim,
Cefotetan


Cephalosporin
th h 3
Bn tng hp Vi khun Gram
m v Gram
dng
Cefotaxim
Ceftazidime
Cephalosporin
th h 4
Bn tng hp Vi khun gram
dng v Gram
m
cepemine
Cc cephalosporin
Tc dng trn vch t bo ca vi khun
C Ch Tc Dng Ca Khng Sinh
Polymyxin
Vch ca vi khun Gram m
Vch ca vi khun Gram dng
c ch chc nng ca mng nguyn tng
vi khun
Cu to ca ribosome vi khun
Cc kiu c ch tng hp protein ca vi khun
Khng sinh Tetracyclin v Chloramphenicol
Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi
khun
Chloramphenicol Streptomyces
venezuelae
Gram dng
Gram m
Rickettsia
Tetracyclin Streptomyces Vi khun Gram
dng,
Gram m,
Rickettsia,
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Doxycyclin Bn tng hp
Minocyclin Bn tng hp
Khng sinh aminoglycoside
Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi
khun
Streptomycin Streptomyces griseus Gram dng,
Gram m,
vi khun Lao
Gentamycin Micromonospora purpurea Gram dng,
Gram m
Kanamycin Streptomyces
kanamyceticus
Gram dng,
Gram m,
vi khun Lao
Amikacin Bn tng hp Gram dng,
Gram m
Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi khun
Erythromycin Streptomyce
s erythreus
Vi khun Gram dng,
Campylobacter, Helicobacter
Vibrio
Azithromycin Gram dng, Chlamydia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Clarithromycin
Khng sinh Macrolid
Para-aminobenzoic acid
Dihydropteroic acid
Dihdrofolic acid
Tetrahydrofolic acid
Purin
DNA, RNA
Dihydrofolate
reductase
Trimethoprime
Sulfonamid
C ch tc dng ca cc sulfonamid
Sulfonamid khng
hp thu qua tiu ha
Sulfaguanidine Khng cn dng
Sulfonamid dng ton
thn
Sulfadiazine
Sulfamerazine
c ch cc vi
khun Gram
dng v gram
m
Sulfonamid chm Sulfamethoxazol
Sulfadoxin
Sulfonamid phi hp Cotrimoxazol
Fansidar
Cc cht sulfonamid
A. Bt hot thuc do enzym
1. Penicillins & Cephalosporins - b-lactamases (penicillinases)
2. Aminoglycosides - phosphorylation, adenylation, or acetylation
3. Chloramphenicol acetylation
4. Macrolides - erythromycin esterase
Cc c ch khng c hiu
B. Thay i tnh thm mng t bo :
Gr (), Change in porins or transport proteins.
- tetracyclines, b-lactams, aminoglycosides,
quinolones
C. Bm ngc thuc ra ngoi
- tetracyclines,
- quinolones,
- macrolides
D. Thay i c quan ch trong t bo

1. Macrolides - methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA,
blocking erythromycin binding

2. Aminoglycosides - altered protein in 30S ribosome

E. Thay i enzym ch

1. b-lactams - alteration in pencillin binding proteins with
less affinity or decreased production of PBPs.

2. Rifampin - altered DNA dependent RNA polymerase

3. Quinolones - modified DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
IV
F. Tng sn xut enzym ch

1. Sulfonamides - increased levels of dihydropteroate
synthetase

2. Trimethoprim - increased levels of DHFR
Ngun gc khng thuc
1. khng thuc do tnh trng sinh l ca vi khun
- Do vi khun trng thi sinh l khng pht trin
v nhn ln ( nha bo,
- Vi khun ng trong t bo ( vi khun lao)
2. khng thuc mc phi
- Do t bin nhim sc th
- Do tip nhn plasmid khng thuc
Phng thc ly truyn tnh khng thuc
Qua c ch giao phi (thng lin h n plasmid)









Yu t lm tng kh nng ly nhim gen khng thuc
S c mt ca on gen nhy ( transposon)
S c mt ca ca on gen chn (inserted elements)

Qua c ch bin np
Qua c ch ti np do phage