CM305 .

17
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRAPRADESH
Name : B. Rama Sundari
Designation : Lecturer in ECE
Branch : Electronics & Comm. Engg.
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic for women,
Guntur
Year/ Semester : III
Subject : Digital Electronics
Subject Code : CM-305
Topic : Logic gates & Boolean Algebra
Duration : 50 mts.
Sub topic : 4-bit parallel adder/2complement
subtractor
Teaching aids : Diagrams
1
CM305 .17
How many number of full adders are required to

construct a 4-bit parallel adder? - Four


Can we perform the addition using subtraction circuit?

-Yes, by using 2s complement method of subtraction
2
CM305 .17
Objectives
On completion of this period, you would be able
to

Draw the block diagram of 4-bit parallel adder/ 2s
complement subtractor

Know the functioning of 4-bit parallel adder/ 2s
complement subtractor

3
CM305 .17
4


A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
B
3
B
2
B
1
B
0
C
f
S
3
S
2
S
1
S
0
Addition of two
4-bit numbers
2s complement
subtraction of two
4-bit numbers


A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
B
3
B
2
B
1
B
0

+
1
C
f
S
3
S
2
S
1
S
0
+
+
The advantage of 2s complement subtraction is
subtraction can be performed by the adder circuit
itself
Where C
f
is final
carry
CM305 .17
5
Output is in 2s complement form if B > A
Inverts each bit
of B if S is 1
Adds 1 to make
2s complement
S low for add,
high for subtract
4-bit parallel adder/2s complement subtractor
Fig 17.1
CM305 .17
The circuit performs addition as well as subtraction

When s input is low the circuit performs additon.

The EX-OR gate acts as a controlled inverter (i.e., it
inverts input when control is high, otherwise it passes the
input to the output)

The output of EX-OR gate is B when s input is low

The output of the circuit is sum of two input numbers
when s input is low


6
4-bit parallel adder/2s complement subtractor
CM305 .17
When s input is HIGH the EX-OR gate acts as inverter

and its output is the complement of input


The carry input of the first full adder is 1


The output of the circuit is the sum A, complement of

B and 1.

7
4-bit parallel adder/2s complement subtractor
(Continued)
CM305 .17
This performs 2s complement subtraction


The output of the circuit is in true magnitude form if the
A>B


The output of the circuit is in 2s complement form if the
A<B

CM305 .17
Summary
This circuit performs 4-bit addition as well as 2s

complement subtraction


The 2s complement subtraction is performed by using

the adder circuit itself

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CM305 .17
The EX-OR gate acts as controlled inverter


When s input is 0 this performs addition


when s input is 1 this performs subtraction


This circuit is widely used in most of the ALUs


CM305 .17
QUIZ
The function of EX-OR gate in the 2s complement
adder/ subtractor circuit is

1. Inverter

2. Controlled inverter

3. Adder

4. Subtractor
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CM305 .17
When S input is 1, the circuit performs
1. Addition

2. Subtraction

3. Inversion

4. None of the above
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CM305 .17
Frequently asked quesitons in exam
1. Draw the circuit of 2s complement adder/ subtractor

circuit.


2. Explain the working of the above circuit.
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CM305 .17
Assignment
1. Explain the use of Ex-or gate as controlled inverter.


2. What is the form of binary output when a large number

is subtracted from smaller number ? Explain with an

example
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