GOVERNORS

A brief description of governors

PRESENTED BY
Taha Mustahsan
Abdul Hannan
Waheed Ahmed
Hafiz Fakhar
Hassan Mahmood
Nafees Ahmed
GOVERNORS
Introduction
Types of Governors
Terms used in the Governors
Applications
INTRODUCTION
Definition
A governor is a device used to measure and regulate the speed of
a machine, such as an engine.

Need of a Governor
When the load on the engine increases, its speed decreases,
therefore it is necessary to increase the supply of the working
fluid, likewise, when the load on the engine is decreases its speed
increase so less working fluid is required.

TYPES OF GOVERNOR
There are two main types of governors
Centrifugal Governor
A centrifugal governor is a specific type of governor that controls
the speed of an engine by regulating the amount of fuel admitted.

Inertia Governors
A speed-control device utilizing suspended masses that respond to speed
changes by reason of their inertia.
CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR
TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL
GOVERNOR
TERMS USED IN THE GOVERNOR
Height of the watt governor
Equilibrium Speed
Mean Equilibrium speed
Maximum and Minimum equilibrium speed
Sleeve lift
WATT GOVERNOR
PORTER GOVERNOR
PROELL GOVERNOR
HARTNELL GOVERNOR
HOW DOES IT WORKS
If the load is removed on an operating engine, the governor
immediately closes the throttle.
If the engine load is increased, the throttle will be opened to
prevent engine speed form being reduced.
When the engine experiences sudden increases in load, the
flywheel slows causing the governor to open the throttle to
maintain the desired speed.
The same is true when the engine experiences a decrease in
load. The governor compensates and closes the throttle to
prevent over speeding.


APPLICATIONS OF GOVERNORS
Used in early steam engine
The governor on the lawnmower maintains the selected engine
speed even when we mow through a clump of high grass or when
we mow over no grass at all.

HUNTING
Hunting is a condition whereby the engine speed fluctuate or is
erratic usually when first started.

The engine speeds up and slows down over and over as the
governor tries to regulate the engine speed.

This is usually caused by an improperly adjusted carburetor.

STABILITY
Stability is the ability to maintain a desired engine speed without
fluctuating.

Instability results in hunting or oscillating due to over correction.

A governor is said to be unstable, if the radius of rotation
decreases as the speed increases.

SENSITIVITY
Sensitivity is the percent of speed change required to produce a
corrective movement of the fuel control mechanism.

High governor sensitivity will help keep the engine operating at a
constant speed.

ISOCHRONOUS GOVERNOR
A governor is said to be isochronous when the equilibrium speed
is constant for all radii of rotation of the ball within the working
range.

This is also called the stage of infinite sensitivity.
CONCLUSIVE POINTS
The governor must have stability and sensitivity in order to
regulate speeds properly.

This will prevent hunting or erratic engine speed changes
depending upon load changes.
THANK YOU

ANY QUESTIONS???