1

Hyper-V Architecture,
Scenarios And Networking
Jeff Woolsey
Senior Program Manager
Windows Virtualization
Microsoft Corporation
VIR358
2
Objectives And Takeaways
Objective(s)
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V
Architecture
Why is there a parent partition?
Hyper-V Isolation
Virtualization Demo
Hyper-V Networking
Hyper-V on Laptops,
Demo Configs and Considerations
Virtualization Comparison
3
Hyper-V Beta In The Press
My experience has left me extremely
impressed. Windows Server 2008 on large-
scale, virtualized enterprise servers will make
alternatives a very hard sell.
- Infoworld
Microsoft's virtualization has three unique
advantages: It costs nothing, its
administration is integrated into Microsoft's
other server management tools, and
Windows Server 2008 is the only host OS it
needs to support. In that last case, Windows
shops derive a serious performance and
scalability kick...
- Infoworld
Hyper-V is free as a built-in feature in Server 2008
Standard and ESX Server costs several thousand
dollars per copy, depending on the features
purchased, so on a pure bang per buck and ease of use
basis, it beats ESX and dare I say it the Xen solutions
built into Linux distros hands down.
- ZDNet
Even though Hyper-V is still pre-1.0 code, I
think Microsoft has done a bang-up job with
its hypervisor, and it may just turn this Linux
freak into a Windows 2008 junkie for running
his own personal virtualization needs.
- ZDNet
Yes, jaws actually dropped
when it [Hyper-V] was installed
in the Test Center.
- CRN
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Virtualization In The Industry
5
Virtualization Market Today
Computerworld
Although virtualization has been the
buzz among technology providers,
|only 6% of enterprises have actually
deployed virtualization on their
networks, said Levine, citing a TWP
Research report. That makes the other
94% a wide-open market.
The Rise of the Virtual Machine
and the Real Impact It Will Have
We calculate that roughly 6% of new
servers sold last year were virtualized
and project that 7% of those sold this
year will be virtualized and believe that
less than 4% of the X86 server installed
base has been virtualized to date.
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Virtualization 2010
Information Week Oct. 2007
The [virtualization field] is
nowhere near saturated. IDC
estimates that only 17% of the
worldwide server market will
be virtualized by 2010, up from
5% in 2005.
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Microsoft IT Going Green
Production Use
Virtual Server in heavy use
for 18+ months
2,500+ virtual machines
~100 new VMs per month
Consolidation Ratios
8 servers to 1 server

Test/Development Savings
Test/Development Use
Virtual Server in heavy use
for 18+ months
500+ virtual machines
Consolidation Ratios
16 servers to 1 server
Item Physical System Cost Virtual Server Build Cost Savings
Number of servers required 477 systems @ a cost of $5k
each
Total $2.3 million
16 physical host systems @
$20k each
Total: $320 thousand
Just under 2 million dollars
Hard drive space 19 terabytes 8 terabytes 11 terabytes
Rack space 30 racks 2 racks 28 racks
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Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V
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Windows Hyper-V Requirements
Description
Hypervisor based virtualization platform
Windows Server 2008 x64 Edition technology
Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter Editions
Hardware Requirements
x64 server with hardware assisted virtualization
AMD AMD-V or Intel VT
Hardware enabled Data Execution Prevention (DEP) required
AMD (NX no execute bit)
Intel (XD execute disable)
Note: Enabling these BIOS features requires powering down
(not rebooting) the server to take effect
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Architecture
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Windows Server
2008
VSP
Windows
Kernel
Hyper-V Architecture
Applications Applications Applications
Non-
Hypervisor
Aware OS
Windows Server
2003, 2008
Windows
Kernel
VSC
VMBus
Emulation
Designed for Windows Server Hardware
Windows hypervisor
Xen-Enabled
Linux Kernel
Linux
VSC
Hypercall Adapter
Parent Partition Child Partitions
VM Service
WMI Provider
VM Worker
Processes
OS
ISV / IHV / OEM
Microsoft Hyper-V
Microsoft / XenSource
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
Provided by:
Ring -1
IHV
Drivers
VMBus
VMBus
Applications
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Why Not Get Rid Of Parent Partition?
No defense in depth
Entire hypervisor running in the most privileged mode of the system
Scheduler
Memory Management
Storage Stack
Network Stack
VM State Machine
Virtualized Devices
Drivers
Management API
Hardware
Ring -1
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
Ring 0
Ring 3
Virtual
Machine
Virtual
Machine
Virtual
Machine
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Micro-kernelized Hypervisor
Defense in depth
Using hardware to protect
Hyper-V doesnt use ring compression, uses hardware assists
Further reduces the attack surface
Scheduler
Memory Management
Hardware
VM State Machine
Virtualized Devices
Management API
Ring -1
Storage Stack
Network Stack
Drivers
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
Ring 0
Ring 3
Parent Partition
Virtual
Machine
Virtual
Machine
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Hyper-V
Capabilities
32-bit (x86) & 64-bit (x64) VMs
Large memory support (64 GB) per VM
SMP VMs (up to 4 cores)
Integrated cluster support for HA & Quick Migration
BitLocker: Seamless, secure data encryption
Live Backup: Volume Shadow Service integration
Pass-through disk access for VMs
Virtual Machine snapshots
New hardware sharing architecture (VSP/VSC/VMBus)
Disk, networking, input, video
Robust networking: VLANs and NLB
DMTF standard for WMI management interface
Support for Full or Server Core installations
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Windows Server Core
Server Core: New minimal
installation option
Provides essential server
functionality
Command Line Interface
only, no GUI Shell
Benefits
Less code results in fewer
patches and reduced
servicing burden
Low surface area server
for targeted roles
More secure and reliable
with less management
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Security
Isolation
No sharing of virtualized devices
Separate VMBus instance per vm to the parent
No sharing of memory
Each has its own address space
VMs cannot communicate with each other,
except through traditional networking
Guests cant perform DMA attacks because
theyre never mapped to physical devices
Guests cannot write to the hypervisor
Parent partition cannot write to the hypervisor
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Hyper-V RC0
It Just Works
TAP, RDP & MSIT Hyper-V Deployments
Thousands of Hyper-V VMs in PRODUCTION
Windows Server 2003/2008 Roles:
File, Print, AD, RODC, IIS/Web, TS, Application Services, DHCP, DNS,
WSS and more
Microsoft Server Products
SQL, Exchange, HPC, ISA, Sharepoint, Project Server, VSTS,
Configuration Manager, Ops Manager, VMM & more
Hyper-V Stats
Performance Blockers: ZERO
Deployment Blockers: ZERO
Application Compatibility Bugs: ZERO
Scalability Blockers: ZERO
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Hyper-V Demo
Mike Sterling
Program Manager
Windows Virtualization
Microsoft Corporation

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Hyper-V Networking
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Hyper-V Networking
Two physical network
adapters at minimum
One for management
One (or more) for VM
networking
Dedicated NIC(s) for iSCSI
Connect parent to back-end
management network
Only expose guests to
internet traffic
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Hyper-V Network Configurations
Example 1
Physical Server has 4 network adapters
NIC 1: Assigned to parent partition for management
NICs 2/3/4: Assigned to virtual switches for virtual
machine networking
Storage is non-iSCSI such as
Direct attach
SAS or Fibre Channel


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Hyper-V Setup And Networking 1
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Hyper-V Setup And Networking 2
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Hyper-V Setup And Networking 3
Windows Server
2008
Each VM On Its Own Switch
VM 2 VM 1



Designed for Windows Server Hardware
Windows hypervisor
VM 3
Parent Partition Child Partitions
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
Ring -1
Mgmt
NIC 1
VSwitch 1
NIC 2
VSP
VSP
VSP
VSwitch 2
NIC 3
VSwitch 3
NIC 4
Applications Applications Applications
VM Service
WMI Provider
VM Worker
Processes
Windows
Kernel
VSC
Windows
Kernel
VSC
Linux
Kernel
VSC
VMBus VMBus VMBus
VMBus
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Hyper-V Network Configurations
Example 2
Server has 4 physical network adapters
NIC 1: Assigned to parent partition for management
NIC 2: Assigned to parent partition for iSCSI
NICs 3/4: Assigned to virtual switches
for virtual machine networking

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Hyper-V Setup, Networking And iSCSI
Windows Server
2008
Now With iSCSI
VM 2 VM 1



Designed for Windows Server Hardware
Windows hypervisor
VM 3
Parent Partition Child Partitions
User
Mode
Kernel
Mode
Ring -1
Mgmt
NIC 1
iSCSI NIC 2
VSP
VSP
VSwitch 1
NIC 3
VSwitch 2
NIC 4
Applications Applications Applications
VM Service
WMI Provider
VM Worker
Processes
Windows
Kernel
VSC
Windows
Kernel
VSC
Linux
Kernel
VSC
VMBus VMBus VMBus
VMBus
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Networking
Parent Partition
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Networking
Virtual Switches
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VM With Legacy And Synthetic NIC
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Don't forget The ICs!
Emulated versus VSC
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Hyper-V Laptops And Demo
Configs And Consideration
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Hyper-V And Laptops
No support for wireless networking
Cant sleep/hibernate system
Use multiple spindles
Disk for system
Disk for virtual machines
Intel Note: Santa Rosa Chipset and later
Supports 4 GB and greater
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Disk 1, Partition 1: ~70 GB


Vista SP1 RTM

Hyper-V Laptop Configuration
Disk 2, Partition 1: ~65 GB


Virtual Machines

Laptop
Disk 1: Two Partitions
Vista SP1 & Windows 2008
Disk 2: Two Partitions
VMs & Storage
Disk 1, Partition 2: ~24 GB


Windows Server 2008 x64
Edition

Disk 2, Partition 2: ~84 GB


Storage
ISOs

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Inexpensive Dev/Demo System
Single Proc Quad Core
2.4 GHz
300 GB Drive
DVD-RW Burner
1 Gb NIC
$700
8 GB DDR2 800 MHz
$150
2 500 GB SATA disks
$200 ($99 x 2)
Total: $1050
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Creating Virtual Machines
Steps
1. Create virtual machine
2. Install guest operating system
3. Install integration components
4. Install anti-virus
5. Install management agents
6. SYSPREP
7. Add it to the SCVMM Library
Windows Server 2003
Create vms using 2-way to ensure an MP HAL
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Microsoft System Center
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System Center
Hardware
Provisioning
Workload
Provisioning
Patching Monitoring
Disaster
Recovery
Backup
Virtual machine management
Server consolidation and resource
utilization optimization
Conversions: P2V and V2V
Patch management and deployment
OS and application configuration
management
Software upgrades
Live host level virtual machine backup
In guest consistency
Rapid recovery
End to end service management
Server and application health
monitoring and management
Performance reporting and analysis
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What About
Heterogeneous
Virtualization Management
Physical to Virtual Conversion (P2V)
Virtual to Virtual Conversion (V2V)
Virtual Server to Hyper-V
VMware to Hyper-V
Virtual Machine Library
PowerShell Scripting
Delegated Administration
Virtual Machine Authoring
VM Templates/Cloning
Failover Cluster Integration
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Virtualization Comparison
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Virtual Server 2005 versus Hyper-V
Virtualization Feature
Virtual Server 2005
R2
Hyper-V
32-bit Virtual Machines Yes Yes
64-bit Virtual Machines No Yes
Multi Processor Virtual Machines No Yes, 4 core VMs
Virtual Machine Memory Support 3.6 GB per VM 64 GB per VM
Managed by System Center Virtual Machine
Manager
Yes Yes
Support for Microsoft Clustering Services Yes Yes
Host side backup support (VSS) Yes Yes
Scriptable / Extensible Yes, COM Yes, WMI
User Interface Web Interface MMC 3.0 Interface
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Microsoft Virtualization
Microsoft Provides a Multilevel Approach
Infrastructure
Management
Applications
Interoperability
Management
Management

Unified Physical and Virtual
Virtual Machines
Virtual Only
Migration

Quick Migration
WAN Disaster Recovery
Live Migration ($$)
Local Disaster Recovery ($$)
Guest Multi-processing 2/4-core support (free) 2/4-core ($$)
Large Memory Support 64 GB per VM 64 GB per VM
Architecture Support x86 & x64 x86 & x64
Hyper-V
VMWare
ESX 3.5 Server
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2008

Microsoft Roadmap
Windows Server RTM Hyper-V Release
Within 180 days of Windows Server 2008 RTM
System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008
System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 Beta
Adds support for managing Hyper-V
Adds support for managing VMware
Windows Server Hyper-V RC
Windows Server Hyper-V Beta
With Windows Server 2008 RTM

System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007
Support for Virtual Server
System Center Operations Manager 2007
System Center Configuration Manager 2007
System Center Data Protection Manager 2007
Virtual Server R2 SP1

Now
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Microsoft Virtualization APIs
Virtual Server COM Interface
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/bb309134(VS.85).aspx
Virtual Hard Disk Format
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualser
ver/techinfo/vhdspec.mspx
Beta Hyper-V WMI Provider APIs
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/cc136992(VS.85).aspx
Beta Hyper-V Hypercall Interface
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId
=91E2E518-C62C-4FF2-8E50-3A37EA4100F5&displaylang=en
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Online Resources
Microsoft Virtualization Home
http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization
Windows Server Virtualization Blog Site
http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/default.aspx
Windows Server Virtualization TechNet Site
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/servermanager/
virtualization.mspx
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Release Candidate
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/949219
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V RC Installation Guide
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-
install.aspx
System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 Beta
http://connect.microsoft.com
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www.microsoft.com/teched
TechTalks TechEd Bloggers
Live Simulcasts Virtual Labs
http://microsoft.com/technet

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