1 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.

1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam

Welcome
to
FlexiHopper Course


2 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
Overview
Power supply unit
Modem board includes:
microprocessor environment
digital signal processing (RATS ASIC and two CIAD ASICs)
analog signal processing (TX and RX antialiasing filters)
analog measurements
Single cable interface (COBRA)
AD/DA conversion
IF unit
Microwave unit
3 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
FlexiHopper Block Diagram
Indoor Unit
.
.
.
C
I
uP 302 x 2
MUX ASIC
Line
Inter-
face
CI
CI
DC/DC
Pow
Q1/LMP
FlexBus
FlexBus
Single
-cable
DSP
ASIC

uP 302
DC/
DC
C
I
2M
Outdoor Unit
TX/RX filt.
LNA
Dup
lex
HPA
LO
IQ-
MOD

LO
Ant
MIX
MWU
PLL

AGC+
filt.
IF-LO
IQ-
demod.
Modem IF-parts MWU
Power/CI
2...16
x
2M
( Cable Interface)
4 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
Nokia FlexiHopper
Outdoor Unit - Mechanical Construction
5 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
Customer Specs (not guaranteed)
Programmable capacities 2x2, 4x2, 8x2 and 16x2
Modulation method Pii/4-DQPSK
Input power < 25W
Flexbus: Single cable for power and data.
Channel Spacing for 2*16 E1- 28 MHz
Frequency
GHz
IF frequency
MHz
Nominal TX
power/dBm
Treshold
2x2Mbit
typical/dBm
Treshold
4x2Mbit
typical/dBm
Treshold
8x2Mbit
typical/dBm
Treshold
16x2Mbit
typical/dBm
13 266 19 -90 -87 -84 -81
15 420
728
644
19 -90 -87 -84 -81
18 1010 16 -90 -87 -84 -81
23 1232
1008
16 -89 -86 -83 -80
26 1008 16 -89 -86 -83 -80
38 1260 16 -86 -86 -83 -80
6 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
MP
OUTINOUTINOUTINOUT
IN
LMP PWR _ + Q1 Q2 FB1 FB2
Flexihopper Radio Link Family Features
Software download
Selectable interleaving (off, 2-depth, 4-depth)
Forward error correction ( FEC)
MTBF estimation 290 000 hours
Fading margin measurement
Temperature range - 40C to + 55C
Size W x H x D 210mm x 230mm x 80mm - 165mm
Weight without antenna and alignment app. 3.5 to 4.5 kg
ALCQ or adaptive level control with quality measure
Controlled by Node manager, Q1 or service terminal emulator
7 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
FEC ( Forward Error Correction) & Interleving
Nokia FlexiHopper radios use forward error correction (FEC) and interleaving to
improve signal quality.
The FEC is continuously on and the interleaving is selectable between off, 2-depth,
and 4-depth modes.
The forward error correction uses Reed-Solomon coding (RS(63,59)). The code uses 4
redundancy symbols for every 59 data symbols, so the redundancy of the coding is
6.4%. Together with interleaving also errors of burst type can be corrected. Maximum
error correction effectiveness is achieved with 4-depth interleaving.
When the interleaving is in use, transmission delay increases slightly .This is normally
not a problem, but in long chains of radio-links the delay cumulates, and it might be
necessary to turn the interleaving off. Acceptable delay for a chain of links should be
determined in transmission planning stage and the interleaving status set accordingly.
Recommended " Interleaving to be OFF in Condition"
8 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
Automatic fading margin measurement

During the commissioning of a microwave radio, it is possible to measure the fading
margin of the radio hop.
Traditionally this has required much work and additional hardware, such as RF
(radio frequency) attenuators.
In Nokia FlexiHopper, the fading margin measurement is automatic and can be
started simply by using software.

9 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
ALCQ( Adaptive Level Control with Quality Measure)
ALCQ is a method for automatic transmit power control. This feature enables the
radio transmitter to increase or decrease the transmit power automatically,
according to the response received from the other end of the hop. This approach
achieves more efficient utilization of radio frequencies than the constant level
approach.
The controlled use of transmit power reduces interference between systems, which
in turn allows tighter packing of radio links within the same geographical area or at
network star points.
The maximum transmission power is set with Hopper Manager. When ALCQ is in
use, the radio always tries to transmit at minimum power. If the fading increases
rapidly (multipath fading), the radio reacts immediately by increasing the power,
but not higher than the set maximum value. After the fading conditions resume to
normal, the power is gradually decreased. ALCQ also reacts to slow changes in
fading conditions by gradually increasing the transmission power.
10 NOKIA CTDF 0173 / 20.9.1999 / Sanjiva Sabanayagam
Automatic Fading Margin Measurement
STATION 1
STATION 2
CONTROL CONTROL
DUPLEX
FILTER
DUPLEX
FILTER
T
R
A
N
S
M
I
T
T
E
R
T
R
A
N
S
M
I
T
T
E
R
R
E
C
E
I
V
E
R
R
E
C
E
I
V
E
R
MAIN SIGNAL
CONTROLS
Prx/dBm
Pdet/dB
Psig,det
Pthni,det
Pth,det
Pni,det
Pn,det
P
n
P
n
i
P
t
h
n
P
t
h
n
i
P
s
i
g
ACTUAL
FADE MARGIN