CONTRACEPTIVES

NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Sympto-Thermal Method / Basal Body Temperature Method
Knowing the variations of a womans temperature
Verifying the variations using basal thermometer
Knowing her menstrual cycle
Ovulation Method
Requires that a woman be aware of what is taking place in her body.
Typical monthly cyclemenstrual bleeding
Calendar Method
Also called as rhythm method
based on three assumptions:
1. That ovulation occurs fourteen days before the beginning
of menstruation, plus or minus two days.
2. That sperm remain viable for three days.
3. That the ovum survives for twenty-four hours.
Most women do not ovulate at the same time each month.
Also known as coitus interruptus
During intercourse, the man pulls out his penis just before
ejaculation.
Withdrawal is most popular among teens
Lactational Amenorrhea Method
Withdrawal
A highly effective, temporary method of contraception
Can be used as long as a women nurses her baby frequently
and has no periods. .
Menstruation usually not occur for several months after the birth of a child.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Male condoms are tubular, closed ended, stretch devices generally
made of thin latex rubber.
Condoms for men
Advantages:
Easy to buy and relatively cheap
Free from medical risks
Provides a high level of protection against HIV and other
sexually transmissible infections (STIs).

Disadvantages:
Partners need to be motivated, cooperate and equal in negotiations
Directly related to intercourse so may affect naturalness.
A small number of people have an allergy to latex
(male polyurethane condoms are available, slightly more expensive)
Condoms for women
The female condom is a loose polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at each end.
It sits in the vagina allowing for semen collection.

Advantages:
Can be inserted many hours before intercourse
Stronger than male latex condoms
Can be used during menstruation
Hypoallergenic and odorless
Provides a high level of protection against HIV and other STDs

Disadvantages:
Takes some practice with insertion technique
Currently expensive compared to male latex condoms
Need to adapt to different look, feel and noise
The penis can enter the vagina behind the condom or it may push the entire
device into the vagina. Guiding the penis can avoid this.
Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a soft, shallow rubber cap with a flexible rim which fits in the vagina
and covers the cervix. It is held in position by the vaginal muscles.

Advantages:
Does not interfere with a woman's menstrual cycle
Can be inserted ahead of time allowing for spontaneity of intercourse
Can be used during menstruation
May provide some protection against some STDs.
Disadvantages:
Some women find it difficult to, or don't like to, insert a diaphragm
Can be uncomfortable if the wrong size is used
Rare possibility of an allergy to rubber.
Cervical caps
A cervical cap is a soft rubber dome shaped device with a flexible rim that fits over
the cervix. It is designed to be retained in place by suction.

Advantage:
Suitable for women with poor pelvic muscle tone
May provide some protection against some STIs.

Disadvantage:
Insertion and removal can be more difficult than diaphragm.
Sterilization
Female sterilization is achieved by either blocking or dividing both Fallopian
tubes.

Advantages:
Permanent contraception
No effect on menstrual cycle
Very low failure rate

Disadvantages:
A surgical procedure is required
Referral to a specialist is required
Male sterilization is achieved by cutting the sperm ducts in the testes
to prevent sperm entering ejaculation fluid (semen).

Advantages:
Allows for male responsibility
Permanent contraception
Very low failure rate.

Disadvantage:
A surgical procedure.
Implants
Implants are a long-term reversible means of contraception. Matchstick-sized,
hormone-containing capsules made of synthetic materials are surgically
implanted.

Advantages:
Lasts for three years
Is close to 100 per cent effective
At most, takes just one week to become effective (depending on when the
implant is inserted)

Disadvantages:
Can cause menstrual irregularities, such as breakthrough bleeding
May cause headaches, acne, breast tenderness or increased appetite
Doesn't protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
The implant may move from original position under the skin.
Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
IUD is short for intrauterine device
-A small device placed in the uterus, IUDs are made of soft, flexible plastic
shaped like a T, the same shape as your uterus.

Advantages
It can be left in place for up to five years
Users experience lighter than normal menstrual periods
Side effects are relatively uncommon
If side effects do occur, they tend to settle within three months
Over 90 per cent of users conceive within one year of removal.

Disadvantages
Costly
Risk of perforation during insertion
Risk of infection of the uterus
Irregular bleeding is common in the first 3-5 months
Side effects include headaches, breast pain, breast tenderness, acne,
mood changes and weight gain.
Injectables
Like the pill and implants, contraceptive injections contain hormones
(estrogen and progestin or progestin only).

Advantages:
Highly effective and convenient
Does not affect breastfeeding

Disadvantages:
The injection cannot be reversed or withdrawn, so side effects may last
12 to 14 weeks
May produce unpredictable menstrual irregularities
Delay in return to fertility after the injection is stopped

Birth Control Pills

There are 2 types of birth control pills:
combination pills and mini-pills.


The combined pill is made up of two synthetic hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
The mini-pill contains only one hormone - progestogen.

The pill works by:
Preventing ovulation
Thickening the cervical mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus
Changing the lining of the uterus to make it less suitable to receive a fertilized egg.
Advantages:
Regular periods and improvement in many menstrual symptoms
Independent of sexual activity
Reduces incidence of cancer of the ovaries and uterus
Can provide cycle control and flexibility.

Disadvantages:
Requires regular contact with health providers for a prescription
Need to take a daily pill
Possibility of side effects
Possibility of serious complications such as:
high blood pressure, heart, kidney or gallbladder disease, a family history of
heart attack or stroke, severe headaches or depression, elevated cholesterol or
triglycerides epilepsy diabetes.
Different Voices, Different
Choices.
The government, the church, and the people
Government on Contraception- basically
focuses on economic growth:
there is a strong relation between countrys
population growth and employment for
economic advancement
The economy has not performed well. Poor
economic performance that is "partly caused
by rapid population growth" has resulted in a
continually high unemployment rate.
We are trying to avoid drastic measures here,
thats why we have to move now.

Do we wait for 30 more years to do this?
"This is a scientific thing we are talking about,
not ideology,
yes contraception, no abortion
preventing sexually transmitted diseases
halting teenage pregnancies

Government on Contraception- basically
focuses on economic growth:
Church on Contraception:

Sex is sacred.
Pre-marital sex is a sin.
Sex should be a natural law.
Sex is about life-giving.
Contraception is the root cause of the Anti-Life
culture.
Contraception is truly an attack on marriage
and on family life, leading to moral decay of an
entire society.
Contraceptives ethic is predictably a
suicide pact. Any group that refuses to
reproduce itself will disappear.
Contraceptives could encourage minors
to enjoy the pleasure of sex without the
sacrament of matrimony.
Contraception is immoral.
Sex with responsibility

Church on Contraception:

What do people have to say regarding
Contraception?
We admit that people cant prevent
having sex, but we can prevent rapid
population growth.
Some individuals are scared of side
effects from using contraceptives
They dont have enough knowledge or
background on the matter,thus they tend
to not use it.

Thinks that contraception wouldnt give them
the real pleasure
Why spend on something we could do
without?
They (priests, nuns, etc.) always meddle
because they are just humans and they want to
do it too so pabayaan mo na lang sila
What do people have to say regarding
Contraception?
DOH vs. CHURCH
FAMILY PLANNING
Family Planning:
Gives couples the ability to achieve
desired birth spacing and family size.
Better health of infants, children, and
women
Improved social and economic role of
women
Prevent an estimated 1.3 million
unintended pregnancies annually
What is the Churchs
stand on birth control
and family planning?
The Church is not against family
planning, just some forms of it.
Church Teachings:
Couples have the right and duty to plan
their family.
The Church asks them to understand,
however, the hows and whys of
planning their families.
planning can either be in cooperation
or against God
Church Teachings:
We can shed some light on the birth-
control question if we look at the
meanings of:
marriage
the role of God
a practical solution.
Marriage:
Marriage is a covenant between two persons.
It involves two persons giving themselves to
each other completely.
Marriage is marriage only if it is TOTAL. There
are no reservations in the giving, no conditions,
no holding back.
The physical act which expresses this
attitude is sexual intercourse.

Marriage:
One of the gifts the husband and wife give
each other is their fertility, the unique power to
become parents through one another.
When the husband gives his seed to his wife,
he is giving the SEED of himself, and therefore
giving HIMSELF.
Sexuality has its deepest meaning in
this total self-giving, a self-giving that
can lead to new life.


Marriage:
Contraception contradicts this.
Sex with contraception is sex with
serious reservation.
But a marriage covenant means total
self-giving.
Therefore the use of a contraceptive pill
or device in an act of marital intercourse
is never right.
CONJUGAL LOVE
between married couples
Has to be performed with two inseparable
meanings:
unitative meaning = intention of being
one,Together, giving oneself fully, totally
procreative meaning = having the possibility of
giving rise to an offspring
performing the act of intercourse outside marriage
is abhorrent
so is performing it with the lack of either meanings,
unless there is a good meaning.
Role of God(The Giver of Life)
God decides when a couple will have a
child
All the couple does is set up the
conditions, through intercourse, in which
a child might be conceived.
But God is the Creator. Parents are just
"co-creators
Role of God(The Giver of Life)
Performing the act of intercourse and
purposely depriving it of fertility strains
Gods will
They assume Gods role in closing the
door on new human life.
The act of contraception does "not
recognize God as God" (JP II)


What's the Solution?
God has provided an answer :
Natural Family Planning
The couple must have serious objective
reasons for avoiding pregnancy.
It is based on the virtues of sexual self-
control, communication, shared
responsibility, and obedience to God.

What's the Solution?
NFP does not distort the meaning of the
sexual act.
Couples respectfully abstain from sex at
times in order to plan their family.
The proper use of NFP is in line with
God's law and the Catholic religion.
STD

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE


TYPES OF STD:

AID AND HIV
CHANCROID
CHLAMYDIA
CRABS
GONORRHEA
HEPATITIS
HERPES
HUMAN
PAPILLOMANVIRUS/
GENITAL WARTS


MOLLUSCUM
CONTAGIOSUM
NONGONNOCAL
URETHRITIS (NGU)
PELVIC
INFLAMMATORY
DISEASE
SCABIES
SYPHILLIS
VAGINITIS

CHARACTERISTICS OF STD


COMPLICATIONS OF STD
INFECTION
TREATMENT FOR STD


PREVENTION FOR STD
STATISTICS OF STD IN U.S.

TEENAGE
PREGNANCY
Sex is a very important decision.

Most teens and parents agree that teens
should wait to have sex.
Majority of teens and parents also feel
that if a young person is sexually active,
using contraception is a must.

The National Campaign to Prevent Teen
Pregnancy 1996

Teen Pregnancy is bad for the mother...

- Future prospects for teenagers
decline significantly if they have a baby.

- There are serious health risks for
adolescents who have babies.

-Teen pregnancy is closely linked to
poverty and single parenthood.

Teen Pregnancy is bad for the child

-Children born to teen mothers suffer
from higher rates of low birth weight and
related health problems.
-Children of teens often have
insufficient health care.

- Children of teen mothers often
receive inadequate parenting.


- Children with adolescent parents often
fall victim to abuse and neglect.

- Children of teenagers often suffer
from poor school performance.
Statistics
The U.S. teen pregnancy rate fell by 25
percent between 1990 and 1999 from
116.3 pregnancies per 1,000 girls aged
15-19 to 86.7.
Despite the recently declining teen
pregnancy rates, 34% of teenage girls
get pregnant at least once before they
reach age 20.

Survey

Whose responsibility is it to protect
against pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases?

99% believed that it was both the
male's and female's responsibility to
protect against STDs and pregnancy. 1%
believed that it was only the male's
responsibility; and 0% believed that it
was only the female's responsibility.


Question for males: Do you feel you
have a responsibility to prevent teen
pregnancy?

96% of those who responded felt that
they had a responsibility to prevent teen
pregnancy and 4% did not

If you are sexually active, did you use
birth control the last time you had
sex? Why or why not?
No, because I wanted to have a baby, but now
that I have one, I regret it. (Female, age 14)

Yes, I used birth control the last time I had sex.
I don't want to become pregnant. I am on the
pill and I use a condom every time I have sex.
To not use any method of contraception at all
seems really stupid because you can really
screw up your life that way

Do you and your friends think birth
control/contraception is protection?
Please explain.
My friends and I have the same train of
thought and yes we believe that it is a
way of protecting yourself -- if you use it
smartly and safely, and in the right way.
But the only true way to stay protected is
not to have sex.

Yes, I am a teen mother who was not on
birth control and I think if I had been, I
would not have gotten pregnant

If you are sexually active, how did you
and your partner decide to use birth
control? Did you talk about it?
No, we didn't talk about it. It just
happened, but I did practice safe sex.

We talked about sex and birth control
way before we started having sex. We
always use two forms of protection every
time we have sex just in case one fails.
And it DOES happen.
Well, at first we didn't discuss birth
control. That is why at age 19, I have a 2-
year-old son...Looking back at my past, I
wish I had waited until I had the maturity I
have now, to be able to say to myself that
birth control is so much more important
than two minutes of pleasure.
Yes me and my partner did talk about
and we decided that using birth control
would be best because we both knew
that we would not be able to handle the
responsibility of a child at this time in our
lives. We knew that having sex was very,
very important to us but we knew about
the consequences if we were stupid
during sex.