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The power budget involves the power level calculations from the
transmitter to the receiver.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Attenuation
Coupled power
Other losses
Equalization penalty
(DL)
5. SNR requirements
6. Minimum power at
detector
7. BER
8. Safety margin (Ma)
Pi = (Po + CL + Ma + DL) dB
where Pi = mean input power launched in the fiber
Po = mean optical power required at the receiver
CL = total channel loss
DL = dispersion-equalization or ISI penalty
1
SNR
P(e) erf c
2
2 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tsy st
0 .7
BT
Tsyst
0.35
BT
Example 8.1:
We need to design a digital link to connect two points 10-km apart.
The bit rate needed is 30 Mb/s with BER = 10-12.
Determine whether the components listed are suitable for the link.
Source: LED 820 nm GaAsAl; couples 12 W into 50m
fiber; risetime 11 ns.
Fiber: Step Index fiber; 50m core; NA = 0.24 ;
5.0 dB/km loss; dispersion 1 ns/km; 4 connectors with
1.0 dB loss per connector.
Detector: PIN photodiode; R = 0.38 A/W; Cj = 1.5pF,
Id = 10 pA; risetime = 3.5 ns; minimum mean optical
power = - 86dBm
Calculate also the SNR of the link if RL given is 5.3 k
Solution :
For this example, 3 factors need to be considered:
a)
Bandwidth
b)
Power levels
c)
Risetime Budget
We start with the risetime budget. Assume using NRZ
coding, the system risetime is given by:
Tsyst
0.7
0.7
23 .3ns
6
BT
30 x10
Also:
Solution :
Now we can assemble the total system risetime:
Total system risetime = 23.3 ns
Risetime of the source, TS = 11.0 ns
Risetime of the fiber (dispersion), TF = 10 x 1.0 ns = 10.0 ns
Allowance for the detector risetime, TD
2
Tsys
2
2
TD
TF TS 15.09ns
1.1
Solution :
Power Budget
Total power launched into fiber
= -19 dBm
Solution :
Example 8.2
An optical link is to be designed to operate over an 8-km length
without repeater. The risetime of the chosen components are:
Source:
8 ns
Fiber: Intermodal
5 ns/km
Intramodal
1 ns/km
Detector
6ns
Solution:
0.7
BT (m ax)
15 .2 Mbps
Tsyst
Example 8.3
The following parameters were chosen for a long haul single mode
optical fiber system operating at 1.3 m.
Mean power launched from laser = 3 dBm
Cabled fiber loss
= 0.4 dB/km
Splice loss
= 0.1 dB/km
Example 8.3
Estimate:
a) Maximum possible link length without repeaters when
operating at 35Mbps. It may be assumed that there is
no dispersion-equalization penalty at this rate.
b) Maximum possible link length without repeaters
Solution:
a) 35 Mbps
Pi Po = [(Fiber cable loss + Splice losses ) x L +
Connector loss + Ma ] dB
[-3 dBm (-55 dBm)] = (0.4 + 0.1)L + 2 + 7
= 0.5L = 52 2 - 7
=> L = 86 km
b) 400 Mbps
Pi Po = [(Fiber cable loss + Splice losses ) x L +
Connector loss + Ma ]dB
[-3 dBm (-44 dBm)] = (0.4 + 0.1)L + 2 + 7
0.5L = 41 2-7
L = 64 km
Solution:
c) Including dispersion-equalization penalty of 1.5 dB
Example 8.4
An optical link was designed to transmit data at a rate of 20 Mbps
Solution
The power launched into the fiber:
100 W = - 10 dBm
- 41 dBm
- 31 dBm
Fiber loss
7 x 2.6
18.2 dB
Splice loss
6 x 0.5
3.0 dB
Connector loss
Safety margin
6.0 dB
27.2 dB
Example 8.5
An optical communication system is given with the following
specifications:
Laser: = 1.55m, = 0.15 nm, power = 5 dBm, tr = 1.0 ns
Detector: tr = 0.5 ns, sensitivity = -40 dBm
Pre-amp: t A = 1.3 ns
Fiber: total dispersion (M+Mg) = 15.5 psnm-1km-1; length = 100 km;
= 0.25 dB/km
Source coupling loss = 3 dB
Solution
For risetime budget
system budget,
ts =
0. 7
0 .7
BT
400 10 6
= 1.75 ns
source
ts
= 1.0 ns
(1)
fiber
tF
= 15.5 100
= 0.25 ns
(2)
detector
tR
= 0.5 ns
pre-amp
tA
= 1.3 ns
total
For receiver,
2
2
tR
tA
= 1.39 ns
(3)
Since the calculated ts is less than the available ts, the components
will be suitable to support the 400 Mbps signal.
Solution
5 dBm
3 dB
Connector loss
2 dB
Splice loss
5 dB
25 dB
Total loss
35 dB
detector.