RICHARD ROGERS

Nishith Singh, b arch (4th

yr.)

About

Born 23 july 1933 in Florence,Italy.

Career

Attended the Architectural Association School

of Architecture in London, before graduating
from Yale School of Architecture in 1962.

At Yale he met fellow students Jesse Mccartney

& Norman Foster and on returning to England
he set up architectural practice as Team 4 with
Foster and their respective girlfriends, the
sisters Georgie and Wendy Cheesman.

In 1967 the practice split up,and Rogers joined

Renzo Piano.
After working with Piano, Rogers established
the Richard Rogers Partnership in 1976. This
became Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners in
2007. The firm maintains offices in London,
Barcelona, Madrid, and Tokyo.

Honours

Rogers was knighted in 1991 by Queen

Elizabeth II. He was awarded the RIBA
Royal Gold Medal in 1985. He received
a Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement
at the 10th Mostra di Architettura di
Venezia. In 2006, he was awarded the
Stirling Prize for Terminal 4 of Barajas
Airport and in 2009, for Maggie's Centre
in London
He was created Baron Rogers of
Riverside, of Chelsea in 1996. He sits as
a Labour Peer in the House of Lords.
Rogers has been awarded honorary
degrees from Oxford Brookes University
and the University of Kent, and was
awarded the 2007 Pritzker Prize,
architecture's highest honour.
Rogers was appointed Companion of
Honour (CH) in the 2008 Birthday
Honours.

Theory

Cities: are the physical framework of our society, the

generator of civil values, the engine of our economy and the
heart of our culture.
Public domain: Public space between buildings influences
both the built form and the civic quality of the city, be they
streets, squares or parks. A balance between the public and
private domain is central to the practice's design approach.
Legibility: The structure of buildings set the scale, form and
rhythm of the architectural environment, within which change
and improvisation can take place.
Flexibility:Today's buildings are more like evolving
landscapes than classical temples in which nothing can be
added and nothing can be removed.
Energy: Architects have a major role to play, given the fact
that 75 per cent of global energy consumption is produced by
buildings and transportation.

Case study:
Lloyds Building, London

Site plan

Section

1reception

2.exhibition

3.underwriters

4.viewing gallery

5atrium

6.office

7.roof terrace

8.cloakrooms

9.plant

Lowerbasement plan

1.Boiler

2.substation

3generator

4chillers

5maintainance staff

6air handling plant

7strong room

8goods lift

9vehicledock

10vehicle lift

11Squash court

Upper basement plan

Staff mess room

Mail room
Female
Male lavotories
Cleaners
Liveried staff
Telephone exchange
Offices
cloakroom
kitchen
Black box park
Old special dining

Lower ground level plan

Staff mess room

2 . mail room
3. female lovatories
4.male lovatories
5.maintainence
6.cleaners
7.liveried staff
8.telephone exchange
9.offices
10.cloakrooms
11.kitchens
12. black box park
13.old special dining room

Ground level plan

Underwriters entrance

Restaurant

Bar

Kitchen

Conference room

Exhibition space

library

Galleries 5and 6

1.Atrium

2.Office space

Galleries 11

Atrium

Special dining room

Adam room

Client: Corporation of Lloyd's of London

Bussiness nature: Insurance
Design Team:
Richard Rogers Partnership
Structural Engineer:
Ove Arup & Partners
Services Engineer:
Ove Arup & Partners
Quantity Surveyor:

Monk Dunstone Mahon & Sears

Lighting:
Friederich Wagner of Liccttehnische Planung
Acoustics:
Sandy Brown Associates

GENERAL
INFORMATION

Leadenhall Street in the heart of the

financial district of the city of London.
The site is awkwardly shaped due to
the medieval character of Londons
street plan. Typical of medieval
streets, the streets surrounding the
Lloyds Building are tight and winding,
providing a sharp contrast between
solid and void, between building and
street.

SITE

Lloyds Building 1978-86, London

Description

twelve stories to the

north, stepping down to six stories to the south,
The Lloyds Building, consisting of

was a replacement for the previous buildings which Lloyds of London

occupied but found to be too small for its continued growth.
Presently, the Lloyds Building with its 52,200 square metres gross area
(37,500 square metres net area) is a 66 percent increase over the
Cooper buildings it replaced. "The Room" takes all the area of the
ground floor and extends into the upper second, third, and fourth
floors. Office spaces take up the remaining upper floors.

GENERAL
INFORMATION

Requirements
The Room required large open adaptive space
Dating back to the 17th century, Lloyds of London has today transformed
itself into a modern market place operating on the principles of a
traditional market. Composed of a society of underwriters, each having
their individual stall in the Lloyd's market, the efficiency and success of
Lloyd's depends on the interaction between individuals and in the contact
gained from working in a large open space, an open market, called "The
Room".
Expansion continue growth leads to need of expansion and flexible
structural and services layout
The Corporation of Lloyds of London had already moved several times in
attempt to suit its continued growth before acquiring the site on Leadenhall
Street in the 1920s. During the World War II, German bombs flattened the
adjacent sites; however, the Cooper building in which Lloyds resided
survived. In 1950, Lloyds, foreseeing a further need for expansion bought
the surrounding sites and began to build the "new" Lloyds. This new
building, completed in 1958, was linked to the 1928 building by a 38-foot
bridge spanning over Lime Street.
Continued growth of Lloyds quickly led them to reevaluate their situation
and again look for ways to expand. By the 1960s and 1970s, the 1958
building was already too small and Lloyds now began to look at 1928
building as a possibility in meeting their expansionist ideals. The 1928
building ultimately became their solution. Although listed (grade II) by the
government, it was allowed by the City to be demolished in 1981 in place
of the current Lloyds Building, which was completed in 1986.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Natural lighting
Stepping Form
The Lloyds Building, consisting of twelve
stories to the north, stepping down to
six stories to the south, sunlight
penetration thus utilized.

the incorporation of the atrium

The atrium was a key feature in
the reduction of the loads coming
from lighting. The atrium
increases in volume and surface
area as it progresses toward the
south.
The office levels increase as the
progress northward allowing a
large surface area for diffused
light coming from the north.
A significant amount of natural
lighting reaching down into "The
Room" demonstrates the success
in the design of the atrium.
Furthermore, every location in
the building is located within 7
meters from a natural source of
light.

Strategy 1 natural lighting

the served and servant

It was Kahns notion of served and
servant spaces inspired Rogers. In the
case of Llyods, servant spaces concentrate
in towers.

Served zone

Servant towers
with incorporation
of raised flooring
system and ceiling
viod

Strategy 2 served & servant

Served zone

Servant towers with incorporation of

raised flooring system and ceiling
void
The services towers, 3 of them
principally for fire fighting and
escape.

The other 3 for lifts, lavatories and

risers, are the visual expression of
the Kahnian doctrine of served and
servant spaces
Servant tower plan

The towers carry majors plant rooms on top

The towers form a flexible framework for the ventilation plant, lifts,
service risers and lavatories (all the 33 lavatory units were
manufactured and fitted out) attached to them.
Four towers carry major plant-rooms, with mains services running
vertically down the towers and connected into each level of the
building.
The largest services duct contained the air-conditioning, with
lesser duct for water, drains, power and electronics

Main services running vertically down

the towers

Tower vertical planning

Typical detailed layout

services tower
Served zone
All the 33 prefabricated lavatory pods
were brought to the site on trucks and
then hoisted into position prior to linking
up to the service riser

service risers with ducts for water, drains,

power and electronics running vertically
down the towers and connected into each
level of the building

Access and escape routes were provided

by means of lifts and staircases

The largest services duct contained the

air-conditioning running vertically down
the towers and connected into each level
of the building.

Tower detailed
layout

Air conditioning

Sub-Air

Air conditioning system

ALUZINC duct extracting air through light fittings

stale air is extracted

from above through the
multi-function
luminaries

The extracted air is passed to the perimeter of the

building and forced through the triple-layered exterior
glazing ensuring an almost zero heat loss from the
offices during the winter and reducing heat gain in
summer.
Clear double glazed window operable at office
Conditioned air is distributed through
a sub-floor plenum into the offices

Supply ductworks

Extracted ductworks
The operable window allows individuals the ability to "acquire" fresh air if the feel it necessary. The placement of the window encourages
individuals to work while sitting rather than standing since that is where the views are held. It also allows interior light to be reflected back into
the interior during the night and diffuses direct sunlight during the day. The need to take mechanical systems into careful consideration when
designing energy conscious builidings is made evident when one compares the the overall space that they consume in a building in relation to
the human being
Air cond. & heat cycle1

Served zone

The largest services duct contained the airconditioning running vertically down the towers
and connected into each level of the building.
Air cond.

The heat cycle

Heat from the return air is collected in the
basement sprinkler tanks and re-used. The internal
concrete soffits and slabs are heat sinks,
absorbing heat during occupation and being cooled
off overnight using naturally chilled night air.
This allow cooling to follow a 24-hour cycle and
reduces the peak cooling requirement.

Air handling equipment is located at basement

level and in four service tower plant-rooms.

Air cond. & heat cycle2

boiler
Sub-station
generators
chillers

Air handling plants

Lower basement room provided

services for lower basement level
to G/F level

Strategy 2 -lower

Basement

Served zone

Access and escape routes were

provided by means of lifts and
staircases

Fire protection

Structural system

Structural system

Description
The basic form of the building is that of a large atrium, surmounted by
steel and glass arched roof, surrounded by galleries (12levels of them
on the north side) which contain the bulk of the underwriting space
and a variable a mount of lettable space, depending on the changing
accommodation need of the Llyods market itself.

The floors were constructed on reinforced concrete columns on a

10.8x18metre grid. The load is transferred between the columns and
the floor beams by means of a pre-casted bracket. Pre-cast yokes
cast into inverted U-beam transmit the loads of the floor grid to the
perimeter columns via the brackets.
The great columns, both the exterior of the building and within the
atrium, stand proud of the cladding, increasing the highly articulated
Gothic effects of Llyods. External cross-braces are actually made of
steel tube concrete grid open to view.

description

Design of the atrium roof

A lightweight contrast to the
concrete superstructure of the
building

Atrium Light steel roof

Columns, Beams and Floors

The floors were constructed on reinforced

concrete columns on a 10.8x18metre grid. The
load is transferred between the columns and
the floor beams by means of a pre-casted
bracket. Pre-cast yokes cast into inverted Ubeam transmit the loads of the floor grid to the
perimeter columns via the brackets. The great
columns, both the exterior of the building and
within the atrium, stand proud of the cladding,
increasing the highly articulated Gothic effects
of Llyods. External cross-braces are actually
made of steel tube concrete grid open to view.

By using beams with parallel sides

and sharp arises Rogers emphasizes
that the floor is a grid not a solid,
coffered slab

floor and column

Yokes

concrete bracket
Main concrete columns

In situ concrete was latter substituted. U-beams transfer the

loads of the floor grid to the columns via a bracket system

The waffle slab

Pre-cast concrete bracket and yoke assemblies

Pre-cast concrete bracket

yoke

assemble

Services supports

Axonometrics of
the pre-cast
concrete kit of
parts for the
sevices towers

services support

Sectional detail - structure

Pre-cast concrete bracket

In situ concrete beam

In-situ concrete column

100mm in situ concrete slab

Permanent steel
formwork
incorporating
acoustic panel
Painted ductwork support bracket

Anodized Aluminum wind bracing

section

Photos

Photos

photos- Overall
view

A significant amount of natural lighting

reaching down into G/F demonstrates the
success in the design of the atrium.

Photos atrium

mains services running vertically

down the towers and connected
into each level of the building
through the raised floor and
ceiling void.

Photos -connection of the services

The layers of structure, services and cladding articulate the elevation

photos - services

Servant towers with incorporation of raised flooring system and ceiling void

Photos raised flooring system & ceiling void

photos in situ concrete column & pre-cast

concrete bracket

All the 33 prefabricated

lavatory pods were
brought to the site on
trucks and then hoisted
into position prior to
linking up to the service
riser

Photos prefabricated lav.

THANK YOU

submitted by: Nishith Singh, b arch (4th

yr.)