ECONOMIC

EVALUATION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
SUBMITTED BY:

AANCHAL VIDYASAGAR
HIRANMAYI DIXIT
JAPNEET KAUR
KRITI YADAV
NAMITHA S
SONA SURESH

3RD SEMESTER
MASTERS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
SPA, DELHI

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT?

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely
environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account
socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
OBJECTIVES OF EIA
EIA was made mandatory in 1994 under the environmental protection Act of 1986 with
the following four objectives:

Predict environmental impact of projects;

Find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts;
Shape the projects to suit local environment;
Present the predictions and options to
the decision-makers.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
MATTERS COVERED IN EIA
Description of the proposed activities;
Description of the base environmental and climatic conditions
Analysis of the
land use and land use change,
waste generation
water consumption
power consumption along with the
Social and health impacts
An assessment of air pollution and noise generation.
A risk assessment report and disaster management plan to mitigate adverse
environmental impacts of proposed activity;
An indication of the likely area to be affected by the proposed activity or its
alternatives;
A detailed environmental feasibility report of all the information provided.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT

PROFFESIONS INVOLVED IN ENVIROMNETAL IMPACT ASSESMENT

Eco-system Management

Air/Water Pollution Control

Water Resources
Management

Land use planners

Ecology

Environmental Health

Flora/Fauna Conservation &

Management

Subject Areas Specialists

Landscape Planners

Representatives of NGO

Social
Sciences/Rehabilitation

Persons Concerned with

environmental issues

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
PARAMETERS FOR ASSESEMENT

The EIA should identify, describe and assess the direct and indirect effects
of a project on the following factors:

Human beings
Fauna and flora
Soil, Water & Air
Climate and the landscape
Material Assets
Cultural Heritage
Interaction between all above factors

EIA therefore should have a very strong social dimension

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
The Following Impacts of the Project should be Assessed:

Air:
- Changes in ambient levels and ground level concentrations
due to total emissions from point, line and area sources.
- Effects on soils, materials, vegetation, and human health.

Noise:
- Changes in ambient levels due to noise generated from
equipment and movement of vehicles.
- Effect on fauna and human health.

Water:
- Availability to competing users.
- Changes in quality.
- Sediment transport.
- Ingress of saline water.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
Land:
- Changes in land use and drainage pattern.
- Changes in land quality including effects of waste disposal.
- Changes in shoreline/riverbank and their stability.
Biological:
- Deforestation /tree-cutting and shrinkage of animal habitat.
- Impact on fauna and flora (including aquatic species, and
migratory path/route of animals.
- Impact on breeding and nesting grounds.
Socio-Economic:
- Impact on the local community including demographic changes.
- Impact on economic status.
- Impact on human health.
- Impact of increased traffic.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT

Which type of projects under go EIA?

Agriculture
Construction (Road networks, Malls, Townships, Dam etc)
Industries

Electrical projects
Waste disposal
Any developmental projects around Protected Areas / Nature Preserves

Clean Development Mechanism CDM projects

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
THE MAIN STEPS IN EIAs PROCESS
SCREENING
to determine which projects or developments require a full or partial impact
assessment study.
SCOPING
to identify which potential impacts are relevant to assess (based on legislative
requirements, international conventions, expert knowledge and public involvement),
to identify alternative solutions that avoid, mitigate or compensate adverse impacts
on biodiversity (including the option of not proceeding with the development,
finding alternative designs or sites which avoid the impacts, incorporating safeguards
in the design of the project, or providing compensation for adverse impacts), and
finally to derive terms of reference for the impact assessment.
ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
ALTERNATIVES,
to predict and identify the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or
development, including the detailed elaboration of alternatives;

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT

REPORTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) OR EIA REPORT,

including an environmental management plan (EMP), and a non-technical
summary for the general audience.
REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS),
based on the terms of reference (scoping) and public (including authority)
participation.

DECISION-MAKING
on whether to approve the project or not, and under what
conditions; and
MONITORING, COMPLIANCE, ENFORCEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING.
Monitor whether the predicted impacts and proposed mitigation measures occur
as defined in the EMP. Verify the compliance of proponent with the EMP, to
ensure that unpredicted impacts or failed mitigation measures are identified and
addressed in a timely fashion

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

Religious and historic places

Archaeological monuments/sites
Scenic areas
Hill resorts/mountains/ hills
Beach resorts
Health resorts
Coastal areas rich in corals, mangroves, breeding grounds of specific species
Estuaries rich in mangroves, breeding ground of specific species
Gulf areas
Biosphere reserves
National park and wildlife sanctuaries
Natural lakes, swamps, Seismic zones tribal Settlements
Areas of scientific and geological interests
Defense installations, specially those of security importance and sensitive to pollution
Border areas (international)
Tiger reserves/elephant reserve/turtle nestling grounds
Habitat for migratory birds
Lakes, reservoirs, dams
Streams/rivers/estuary/seas
Railway lines
Urban agglomeration