Systems

Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Problem
Situation
Burglar
Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION
An Alarm company is developing a simple low cost security system for use in a new block
of small flats

The electronic control sub-system is based on a combinational logic circuit which

operates the alarm via a transistor
The alarm arm switch is incorporated into the the front door key lock. Locking the door
will set the alarm giving signal high (1).
A Reed switch and magnet are mounted on the door and frame and gives a low(0)
signal when the door is opened
The pressure mat gives a high (1) output when stood on.

Design
Brief
Burglar
Alarm
Project
DESIGN
BRIEF

Design an electronic logic control sub-system to process the signal from the
Inputs in order to operate the Alarm buzzer as described above

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
The universal System Diagram
INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Any device or system can be analysed in

terms of INPUT, PROCESS & OUTPUT

Burglar Alarm Project

The universal System Diagram
INPUT

Burglar
Alarm

A) Arm Key Activated

B) Burglar Through Door
C) Burglar Through Window

OUTPUT
Z) SCARY SOUND ENERGY

Burglar Alarm Project

The system diagram can be broken down into a sub
system diagram:

Burglar Alarm Project

System
INPUTS

Subsystem
Inputs

Process
Subsystems

Subsystem
Outputs

System
OUTPUTS

Push Button
N/O
Manual Reset

AND

Micro
Switch N/O

LATCH

DRIVER

Arm Key Activated

Reed
Switch N/C

Inverter

OR

BUZZER

Burglar Thru Door

Z
Pressure
Switch N/O

SCARY
SOUND
ENERGY

Burglar Thru
Window
System Boundary

Sub System Diagram

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Burglar Alarm Project

SPECIFICATION

The System Must:

1) Detect a Burglar entering through the door or the window
2) Enable owner to disable it to go about their business
without setting it off

3) It must give a continuous audible warning to deter

burglars, and should be reset by owner
4) It should be low cost, reliable and durable

5) Sensor should be unobtrusive

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Burglar Alarm Project

SIMULATION LINK

Solution

Burglar Alarm Project

SIMULATION LINK

Solution

Burglar Alarm Project

SIMULATION LINK

Solution

Burglar Alarm Project

SIMULATION LINK

Solution

Burglar Alarm Project

A
(Arm Key)

B
(Reed Switch)

C
(Pressure Mat)

Buzzer

Solution

SIMULATION LINK

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Burglar Alarm Project

Selection of Resources
Pressure
Switch N/O

For detecting pressure under mat when

burglar comes through window

Micro
Switch N/O

For detecting when door is locked

Arming the alarm

Reed
Switch N/C

For detecting when the door is open.

(This switch is high when the door is closed)

Subsystem INPUT Devices

Burglar Alarm Project

Selection of Resources
Integrated circuits consist of plastic cases filled with electronic circuitry.
There are many resistors, transistors and other components packed into
the chips. There are literally thousands of ICs on the market, all designed
to do different jobs logic gates, amplifiers, timers, etc.
In this work we will be using the TTL (transistortransistor logic) range of
chips.
TTL chips require a stable 5V supply to work properly. (Great difficulties
will be met if any other voltage is used.) Any unconnected pins
automatically go to logic 1. In other words, if a wire connected to a pin
is connected to the 0-volt rail (logic 0), it will go to logic 0. If the wire is
disconnected from the 0-volt rail it will go to logic 1. However, it is good
practice to connect pins to high or low as needed.
All TTL chips have a four-digit code number, which always starts with 74.
For example, a 7400 is a quad two-input NAND chip.
Although the chip contains complex circuitry, the internal wiring can be
shown as simple logic circuits with the inputs and outputs of each logic
gate shown. This is called a pin-out diagram.

Subsystem PROCESS Devices

Burglar Alarm Project

AND (TTL 7408)

Used to detect when the arm key is activated

AND a burglar is in the system

OR (TTL 7432)
Used to detect when a burglar comes
through the Door OR through the window

INVERTER (TTL 7408)

Inverts out put from N/C reeds switch to
detect when Door is open

NOR (TTL 7402)

2 cross coupled Nor Gates make an SR
FLIP-FLOP Keeping the output high if a
burglar closes the door or steps off the mat

Subsystem PROCESS Devices

Burglar Alarm Project

BUZZER
6v, 30mA

BC 108 NPN
Transistor

10K Ohm
Resistor

Protective
Diode

For producing Scary Noise Energy at a

noise level of 85 db

Used for switching and driving the

buzzer

This is a protective resistor used at the

transistor base

This will protect the the transistor from back

emf generated by the buzzer when the
Buzzer is reset

Subsystem OUTPUT Devices

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Burglar Alarm Project

DATA ON TTL 74HC04 INVERTER CHIP

Burglar Alarm Project

DATA ON TTL 74HC32 OR CHIP

Burglar Alarm Project

DATA ON TTL 74HC08 AND CHIP

Burglar Alarm Project

DATA ON TTL 74HC02 NOR CHIP

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection

Burglar Alarm Project

BREAD BOARD

Burglar Alarm Project

BREAD BOARD

Burglar Alarm Project

BREAD BOARD

Burglar Alarm Project

BREAD BOARD

RESET

Systems
Approach
Burglar Alarm
Project
PROBLEM
SITUATION

DESIGN
BRIEF

DATA SHEETS

SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

Evaluation

Build & Test

SPECIFICATION

Computer
Simulation

SOLUTION
Resource
Selection