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Steel beam
Permanent loads applied after the slab has been hardened are
carried by the long-term composite section. The long-term
modular ratio, 3n, should be used.
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Myt
f ct
nI tr
b/n
t
yt
yb
Original section
Transformed section
f sb
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My b
I tr
Twelve times the slab thickness plus the top flange width.
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Additional sections
6.10.1.5 Stiffness
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0.9 E k
D
tw
Dc / D 2
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2 Dc
awc
Rb 1
rw 1.0
1200 300 awc tw
where, rw 5.7
and
awc
E
Fyc
2 Dc tw
b fc t fc
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f DC1 f DC 2 fWS f LL IM
tf
f DC1 f DC 2 fWS f LL IM
csteel
c3n
cn
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F
A
F
A
0
.
85
f
D yt t
yc c
c As Fyr Ar
Dcp
1
2
Fyw Aw
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12.0
t f 1.1 tw
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0.1
I yc
I yt
10
Section Behavior
Moment
Mp
My
Compact
Noncompact
Slender
Curvature
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2 Dcp
tw
E
3.76
Fyc
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Where,
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1
fl f Fnc
3
1
fl f Fnt
3
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Fn or Mn
Fmax or Mmax
Inelastic Buckling
(Compact)
Inelastic Buckling
(non-compact)
Fyr or Mr
Elastic Buckling
(Slender)
Lp
video.edhole.compf
Lr
rf
Lb
b fc
2 t fc
pf 0.38
E
Fyc
rf 0.56
E
Fyr
When, f pf
Fnc Rb Rh Fyc
When, f rf
Fyr f pf
Fnc 1 1
R
F
h yc
rf pf
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Rb Rh Fyc
L p 1.0 rt
Lb
When, Lb L p
rf rt
Fnc Rb Rh Fyc
Fyr Lb L p
Fnc Cb 1 1
Rb Rh Fyc Rb Rh Fyc
Rh Fyc Lr L p
Fnc Fcr Rb Rh Fyc
When, Lb Lr
When, Lb Lr
Where,
f
f
Cb 1.75 1.05 1 0.3 1 2.3
f2
f2
Fcr
rt
E
Fyr
Cb Rb 2 E
2
Lb
rt
b fc
Dt
12 1 c w
3 b fc t fc
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4.55t w E
Vn
D
2.46
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E
Fy
3.07
E
Fy
D/tw
If ,
If ,
1.12
then C 1.0
Ek
D
Ek
1.12
1.40
; then C
D
Fyw tw
Fyw
tw
D
Ek
1.40
;
tw
Fyw
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then C
1.57
D
t
Ek
Fyw
Ek
Fyw
Vn Vcr VTFA
Beam Action
Tension Field Action
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d0
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2 D tw
b fct fc b ft t ft
0.87 (1 C )
Vn 0.58 Fyw D tw C
do
1
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5
do
D
0.87 (1 C )
D t w C
2
do
do
1
D
D
2.5
Interior panel
d o 1.5D
d o 3D
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End
panel
do 1.5D
Types of Stiffeners
Transverse
Intermediate
Stiffener
Longitudinal
Stiffener
do 1.5D
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do 1.5D
Bearing
Stiffener
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Single Plate
Angle
Double Plate
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I t
Il
bl 3.0 do
Fyw 2
Vu
D
As 0.15B (1 C )
tw
18
t
V
F
crs
w
v n
where, Fcrs elastic local buckling stress
Fcrs
0.31E
2
Fys
bt
tp
and , B 1.0 for stiffener pairs
B 1.8 for sin gle angle stiffener
B 2.4 for sin gle plate stiffener
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Interior panel
d o 3D
End
panel
d o 1.5D
tp
bt
9tw
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9tw
9tw
General Considerations
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Qr sc Qn
0.85
Cross-sectional are of the stud in square inches
Qn 0.5 Asc
'
f c Ec
Asc Fu
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Placement
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Miscellaneous Rules
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