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EXERGY
Exergy : Max. work that can be
obtained from any form of
energy( e.g. in a flowing
stream)
Environment can interact with systems
in three ways:
Thermal interaction
Mechanical Interaction
Chemical interaction
CONCEPT OF CHEMICAL
EXERGY
Environmental State
M+T+Chemical
eqlbm.
{Total exergy}
CONCEPT OF CHEMICAL
EXERGY
Chemical Exergy :
Max amount of work obtainable when
the substance under consideration
is brought from environmental state
to Dead State by processes involving
heat transfer & exchange of matter
only with the environment.
or
3 kinds of
(ii)Solid substances
ref.
from the Earths crust
substances
(iii)Ionic-Nonionic
substances from
oceans
ex
Chemical Exergy
TER
To, Po
1
Wsh
Environment
S.P.M.
Chemical Exergy
exch Work output in isothermal exp.
g1 g 2 1 2
RT n
f1
f2
Chemical Exergy
e
ch
x
Po
e
RT n o RT n yco
2
Pco
2
mol. fraction of
CO2 in
environment
ex ?
ch
e RT0 {ln( yi / y )} yi
ch
e
i
Total Exergy
Flow Process
2
V
ch
ex (h T0 s) (h0 T0 s0 ) gz ex
2
Non-flow Process
V2
ch
(u P0v T0 s) (u0 P0v0 T0 s0 ) gz ex
2
Ca Hb
P0
O2
(T0, P0)
CO2
H2O (liq)
Ca H b a O2 aCO2
H 2O
4
2
Assuming no irreversibility
e
ch
x , fuel
b ch
b ch
ch
a exo2 Wshm a x a exc o2 exH 2O
4
2
& e
exchfuel
Wsh,max Gr
RT n y
e
i
y e a b / 4
o2
Gr RT n e a
e b 2
y
co2 y H 2o
Temperature
T0
Pressure,P0
298.15 K
101.325 kPa
Composition
Substance
Mole
(All in Gas Fraction
Phase)
xi
N2
0.7567
02
0.2035
H20
0.0303
C02
0.0003
Other
0.0092
Example
Calculate the chemical exergy in methane gas at
250C and 101.325 kPa.
CH 4 20 2 C 02 2 H 2 0
ex gC 02 2g H 2 0 gCH 4 2g02
Ch
R T0
y
ln
y y
2
02
C 02
H2 0
SOLUTION
y 0 2 0.2035
e
y C 02 0.0003
e
e
H2 0
0.0303
g CH 4 50 ,844 kJ / kg mol
g 02 0
SOLUTION
ex
Ch
394,630 2 228,730
50,844 0
0.2035
8.3143 298.15 ln
2
0.00030.0303
2