Leadership

Leadership
process of influencing a group toward the
achievement of goals
Whats the difference between a leader and a
manager?

What makes a good leader?

Trait versus Behavioral Theories

What traits should a leader

possess?

University of Iowa Studies

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire

Ohio State Studies

Consideration
Initiating Structure

University of Michigan Studies

Employee oriented
Production oriented

Managerial Grid
concern for production and concern for people
five management styles
impoverished (1,1)
task (9,1)
middle-of-the-road (5,5)
country club (1,9)
team (9,9)

Where does he fit in?

A gentleman first, a
soldier later

Fiedler Contingency Model

Leadership Style: Relationship-oriented vs
task-oriented
Situation:
Leader-member relations (good / poor)
Task structure (high / low)
Position power (strong / weak)

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Fiedlers Findings
Good
Performance

Task
Oriented

Relationship
Oriented
Poor

Favorable

Category

Leader-Member
Good
Relations
Task Structure
Position Power

High

II

III

IV

Moderate

Unfavorable

VII VIII

VI

Good Good Good Poor Poor

Poor Poor

High

Low

Low

Low

High High

Low

Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak

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Other Contingency Models

Situation Leadership Theory
Path-goal Model

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Transformational vs
Transactional Leadership

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Leadership Types
Transactional (control)
Based on economic
exchange
Mgt by exception
Contingent reward

Transformational
(inspire & influence)
Based on social
exchange
Inspirational
motivation
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized
consideration
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About Transformational
Leadership
the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for
the shared vision

Whats new:
Vision & visioning are important at all levels
Everybody can be a leader
Leaders as visionary, energizer, communicator,
enabler & change agent
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Vision & Visioning

Vision - An ideal & unique image of the future, based
on what one learns from experience, a dissatisfaction with the present and an intuition for the
future

Visioning - the ability to ENVISION a new reality & its

translation into concrete terms. Changes in the vision
not by environmental pressures per se, but in the
PERCEPTION of them.
Some people see things as they are and ask why, I
see things as they never were and ask why not!!

Elements of Transformational
Leadership
A transformational leader:
1. has a vision;
2. is able to communicate & share his vision to his
followers;
3. challenges established process;
4. is willing to take risk;
5. gets others to act;
6. fosters collaboration;
7. is able to develop trust;
8. is knowledgeable about the environment; and
9. serves as a model

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Seeing businesses NOT as

what they appear!
What businesses are these organizations
in?
MTR
DHL
IBM
McDonald

How will management change if the vision

is different?
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