JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN

JENIS KOLAGEN
TIPE I (~ 90%)
(tersusun atas
dua jenis rantai-)

TEMPAT

SEL-SEL YANG
DIHASILKAN

Lapisan kulit, tendon

Fibroblas

Tersebar (areolar),
memadati jaringan
penyambung, seratserat kolagen

Sel retikular dan otot

halus

CIRI-CIRI
Hidroksilisin rendah,
karbohidrat rendah

Hampir kebanyakan
tersebar di organ
interna

TIPE II (tersusun
hanya satu jenis
rantai-)

Tulang

Osteoblas

Dentin (Gigi)

Odontoblas

Tulang rawan hialin

dan elastin
Lensa mata, jaringan
invertebral

Kondrosit
Sel-sel retina
Kondrosit

Hidroksilisin tinggi,
karbohidrat tinggi
(Fibril lebih tipis dari
tipe I)
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JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN

JENIS KOLAGEN

TEMPAT

TIPE III (tersusun

hanya atas satu
jenis rantai-)

Menyebar di jaringan
penyambung; serabut
retikuler, lapisan kulit
papiler (pada fase
perkembangan)

Fibroblas dan sel-sel Hidroksiprolin tinggi,

retikular
hidroksilisin rendah,
karbohidrat rendah

Pembuluh darah

Sel otot halus, sel

endotelial

Lamina basal

Sel epitelial dan sel

endotelial

Kapsul lensa mata

Epitel lensa

Membran fetal
(plasenta)
Membran lapisan
dasar
Tulang
Otot halus

Fibroblas

TIPE IV (tersusun
atas dua jenis
rantai-)

TIPE V

SEL-SEL YANG
DIHASILKAN

CIRI-CIRI

Hidroksilisin sangat
tinggi, karbohidrat
tinggi, (menahan
prokolagen menjadi
peptida)

Sel-sel epitelial
Osteoblas
Sel-sel otot halus
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In addition, a number of other collagens have been recently identified in the following
location:

TIPE VI

Short triple helical segment about 100 nm long; occur in small amounts in
kidney, liver, and uterus, where type I and III collagens are found

TIPE VII

Basal laminae of many ephitelia

TIPE VIII

Secretory product of endothelial cells; major component of Decemets

membrane in the cornea

TIPE IX

Mainly in cartilage; found with type II collagen

TIPE X

Confined to cartilage; in matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes

TIPE XI

Associated with type OO collagen in cartilage; function unknown

TIPE XII

Tendon; properties in common with type IX collagen

TIPE XIII

Endothelium

TIPE XIV

Fetal skin and tendon

Thus far, some 25 distinct collagen -chains, each encoded by a separate gene, have
been identified.

PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG

GAMBARAN

KOLAGEN

RETIKULER

ELASTIS

Jaringan
molekuler

Triple-stranded helix;
Tiap helai ~ 1000 AA;
Molekul ~ panjang 300
nm, diameter 1,5 nm
(glisin, hidroksiprolin,
hidroksilisin)

Kolagen tipe III

Elastin 830 amino

acid residues long;
contains desmocine,
isodesmocine
(dibentuk dari empat
molekul lisin)

Jaringan Fibrilar

Diameter fiber 2-10 m

(tidak bercabang);
diameter fibril ~ 50nm;
mikrofibril yang lebih kecil

Diameter fiber
Diameter fiber 1-4
0,2-2 m, fibril 25- m; cabang fiber
45 nm
Tidak ada fibril
Diameter mikrofibril
~ 12 nm

Axial periodicity

Fibrils 670 A; axial

periodicity

670 A

Air mendidih

Merubah kolagen menjadi

gelatin

Asam dan basa

lemah

Membengkak

Tidak ada
Resisten

Sama dengan
kolagen

Resisten terhadap
asam dan basa
lemah

PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG

GAMBARAN

KOLAGEN

Asam dan basa

kuat

Larut

Pewarnaan

Dengan pewarnaan
asidofilik

Efek enzim

Larut dalam pepsin dan

kolagenase

Sel penghasil serat

Fibroblas
Sel otot halus di pembuluh
darah
Osteoblas
Kondroblas
Odontoblas
Kolagen tipe IV
Diproduksi oleh sel
epitel dan sel endotelial

RETIKULER

Silver (argirofilik)
PAS+

ELASTIS

Resorsin fuchsin,
resorsin orsein
Sensitif terhadap
elastase

Sel retikuler

Fibroblas

Fibroblas

Sel otot halus di

pembuluh darah

Sel Schwan (untuk

endoneurium)

JENIS SEL DI JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG

JENIS SEL

FUNGSI UMUM

Fibroblas

Menghasilkan serat-serat (kolagen, retikuler, elastin) dan

selaput tak beraturan (glikosaminoglikans, proteglikans)

Makrofag

Fagosit (mis: bakteri)

Pemaparan antigen

Perisit

Membedakan antara fibroblas, sel retikuler, makrofag, otot

halus dalam pembuluh darah, adiposit

Sel Mast

Secrete heparin, histamine, slow-reacting substanse of

anaphylaxis, eosinophilic chemotactic factor anaphylaxis

Foreign body giant cell

Phagocytic (larger particulate material)

Sel retikuler

Memproduksi serat retikuler (kolagen tipe ke-3) untuk

pembuluh limf, limpa, sum-sum tulang, dll

Adiposit

Penimbunan lemak, mobilitas

Kondroblas (kondrosit)

Mengeluarkan kolagen atau serat elastis seperti halnya

substansi intersel amorf (glikosaminoglikans, proteoglikans),
dan protein lainnya

Osteoblas

Mengeluarkan kolagen, susunan tulang (proteoglikans)

6

FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Reseptor permukaan
bagi:

Receptors that bind C3b component of complement

Fc receptors, IgG
IL-2, IL-1, IL-6
Tumor necrosis factor (TFN)
(interferon)
ATPase
5-Nucleotidase

Muatan Lisosom

Hidrolase asam
Lisozim
Mieloperoksidase

Makrofag aktifator

Lipopolisakarida
Interferon-

Efek Interleukin yang

dihasilkan oleh
makrofag

Mengaktifkan B limfosit
Faktor kemotaktis untuk neutrofil
Meningkatkan sirkulasi neutrofil
Bagian dari fibroblas

FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Menghasilkan Fagosit

Sel mati
Seluler debris
Bakteri

Pemaparan Antigen

Present antigen with MHC II molecules to helper T lymphocytes

(TH cells)
IL-1 (a mitogenic protein for T lymohocytes)
IL-6, Il-8
TNF-
Interferon- , -; involved in fighting virus
Colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Erythropoietin
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Menghasilkan sekret
khusus

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

Transforming growth factor- (TGF- )
Protease inhibitors
Elastase, collagenase
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Neutral proteases
Coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X, XII)
Thrombospondin
Plasminogen activator
Factor inducing monocytopoiesis
Complement componenets
Pyrogens (mediate fever)
Proteoglycan-degrading enzymes
Hydrogen peroxide
Lipases
Superoxide

SISTEM MACROPHAGE

NAMA SEL

FUNGSI

TEMPAT

Macrophage

Fagositosis, antigen
presentation

Loose (areolar) connective

tissue

Peritoneal or pleural
macrophages

Fagositosis

Serous cavities

Macrophage

Blood cell destruction,

antigen presentation

Bone marrow, spleen,

thymus, lymph node

Alveolar macrophage (or

dust cell)

Fagositosis

Alveoli of lung

Sel Langerhans

Antigen presentation

Epidermis

Sel Kuppfer

Fagositosis

Liver (perinsinusoidal
makrofag)

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SISTEM MACROPHAGE

NAMA SEL

FUNGSI

TEMPAT

Microglia

Fagositosis, antigen
presentation

Sistem saraf pusat

Osteoklas (multinukleat)

Penyerapan tulang

Permukaan tulang (form

from fusion of monocytederived macrophages)

Fibroblast derived
macrophage

Fagositosis

Lamina propria usus halus

Uterus-endometrium

Foreign body giant cell

(multinucleate)

Fagositosis

Induced in areas of large

particulate material (e.g.,
talc on mesentery) (fusion
of monocytes,
macrophages)

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SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST

Heparin (acidic GAG)

Anticoagulant: binds to fibronectin, growth

factors, coagulation proteins, complement
compounds; has anticancer activity, causes
tumor regression, inhibits tumor metastasis

Chondroitin sulfate

Sometimes present in mast cell granules

rather than heparin: thus, different types of
mast cells exist

Histamine

Causes contraction of smooth muscle of

bronchioles: causes increased capillary
permeability (leakiness)

Leukotrienes (slow-reacting substance of

anaphylaxis (SRS-A)

Causes contraction of smooth muscle (not

stored in cell-synthesized from membrane
phospholipids)

12

SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST

Eosinophil chemotactic factor of
anaphilaxis (ECF-A)

Attracts eosinophils to regions of antigenantibody interaction; eosinophils

phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes:
eosinophils produce histaminase, which
depresses histamine effects, and aryl
sulfatase, which counteracts leukotrienes

Lysosomal enzymes
Functional role unclear: may degrade
Including -glucuronidse, hexosaminidase, GAGs in extracellular matrix
aryl sulfatase
Neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF)

Chemoattractant for neutrophils

Other subtances include platelet-activating factor, prostoglandins (several), and neutral

proteases (tryptase, chymase) (most of the IgE molecules in the body are fixed on the
surface of mast cells rather than in the plasma)

13