PUMP LAYOUT & PIPING

What is a pump?
Why is it required in Process unit?

Where is it located?
How is it connected with piping?

 What is a pump?
A pump is a physical device that is used to
deliver fluids from one location to another
through conduits / to increase the pressure
energy of a fluids.

Major Classification of Pumps:

Positive Displacement Pumps:
Reciporating Pumps
Rotary Pumps ( positive displacement with Circular
motion)

Rotodynamic / dynamic pressure

pumps:
Centrifugal pumps ( Radial type)
Axial pumps

 Why is it required in Process unit?

The basic requirements to define the
application are suction and delivery
pressures, pressure loss in transmission,
and the flow rate.

 Pump designs have largely been

standardized. Based on application
experience, numerous standards have
come into existence and are updated and
revised as per new requirements.
Common pump standards are:

 American Petroleum Institute (API)

Standard 610, Centrifugal Pumps for
Refinery Service
American Waterworks Association
(AWWA) E101, Deep Well Vertical Turbine
Pumps
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
NFPA-20 Centrifugal Fire Pumps

 API 610
The standard covers the minimum requirements
for Centrifugal pumps for petroleum , Heavy duty
Chemical, and Gas industry services.
The pump types covered by this standard can be
broadly classified as
Overhung
Between bearings
And vertical suspended

 Basic Design :
The equipment including auxiliaries covered by
this standard shall be designed and constructed
for a minimum service life of 20 years and at
least 3 years of uninterrupted operation.
Pumps shall be designed for satisfactory
performance when subject to the forces and
moments. Two effects of nozzle loads are
considered, distortion of the pump casing and
misalignment of the pump and driver shafts

 The suction and discharge nozzles are part of the

casings itself. They commonly have the following
configurations.
1. End suction/Top discharge - The suction nozzle is
located at the end of, and concentric to, the shaft while
the discharge nozzle is located at the top of the case
perpendicular to the shaft. This pump is always of an
overhung type.
2. Top suction Top discharge nozzle -The suction and
discharge nozzles are located at the top of the case
perpendicular to the shaft. This pump can either be an
overhung type or between-bearing type.

END SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE

TOP SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE

 3. Side suction Side discharge nozzles The suction and discharge nozzles are
located at the sides of the case
perpendicular to the shaft.
4. Side suction Top discharge nozzles The suction nozzle is located at the side &
discharge nozzle at the top of the case
perpendicular to the shaft.

SIDE SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE

END SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE

 Performance:
Centrifugal pump performance is
controlled primarily by two variables:
suction conditions and total system
pressure or head requirements

Typical system and pump

performance curves

 NPSH
When discussing centrifugal pumps, the two most important head
terms are NPSHr and NPSHa.
Net Positive Suction Head Required, NPSHr
NPSH is one of the most widely used and least understood terms
associated with pumps. Understanding the significance of NPSH is
very much essential during installation as well as operation of the
pumps.

Pumps can pump only liquids, not vapors

The satisfactory operation of a pump requires that vaporization of the
liquid being pumped does not occur at any condition of operation.
This is so desired because when a liquid vaporizes its volume
increases very much. For example, 1 CuM. of water at room
temperature becomes 60034 CuM. of vapor at the same
temperature. This makes it clear that if we are to pump a fluid
effectively, it must be kept always in the liquid form.

 Rise in temperature and fall in pressure induces

vaporization
The vaporization begins when the vapor pressure of the
liquid at the operating temperature equals the external
system pressure, which, in an open system is always
equal to atmospheric pressure. Any decrease in
external pressure or rise in operating temperature can
induce vaporization and the pump stops pumping. Thus,
the pump always needs to have a sufficient amount of
suction head present to prevent this vaporization at the
lowest pressure point in the pump

 NPSH as a measure to prevent liquid

vaporization
The manufacturer usually tests the pump with
water at different capacities, created by throttling
the suction side. When the first signs of
vaporization induced cavitation occur. This
pressure is converted into the head. This head
number is published on the pump curve and is
referred as the "net positive suction head
required (NPSHr) or sometimes in short as the
NPSH. Thus the Net Positive Suction Head
(NPSH) is the total head at the suction flange
of the pump less the vapor pressure.

 NPSHr is a function of pump design

NPSH required is a function of the pump design
and is determined based on actual pump test by
the vendor. As the liquid passes from the pump
suction to the eye of the impeller, the velocity
increases and the pressure decreases. There
are also pressure losses due to shock and
turbulence as the liquid strikes the impeller. The
centrifugal force of the impeller vanes further
increases the velocity and decreases the
pressure of the liquid. The NPSH required is the
positive head in feet absolute required at the
pump suction to overcome these pressure drops
in the pump and maintain the majority of the
liquid above its vapor pressure.

 NPSHa is a function of system design

Net Positive Suction Head Available is a
function of the system in which the pump
operates. It is the excess pressure of the
liquid in feet absolute over its vapor
pressure as it arrives at the pump suction,
to be sure that the pump selected does not
cavitate. It is calculated based on system
or process conditions.

NPSHa calculation
The formula for calculating the
NPSHa :

 Significance of NPSHr and NPSHa

The NPSH available must always be
greater than the NPSH required for the
pump to operate properly. It is normal
practice to have at least 2 to 3 feet of extra
NPSH available at the suction flange to
avoid any problems at the duty point.
It is also important to know how pumps are
connected, i.e., in series or parallel.

TYPICAL PUMP LAYOUT

PL 003 GUIDELINES

GE-GAP GUIDELINES

INTRODUCTION TO PUMP PIPING LAYOUT

PLANT LAYOUT AND PIPING TEAM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE,SAFE DESIGN OF PIPING
LAYOUT.
THIS INCLUDES MEETING DIFFERENT CODES,MANUFACTURER
AND/OR CLIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ALLOWABLE PUMP
NOZZLE LOADS,STRESS ALLOWABLES FOR THE PIPING
SYSTEM ETC.
SUPPORT OF THE PIPING SYSTEM MUST BE GIVEN CAREFUL
CONSIDERATION DURING LAYOUT.THIS IS A JOINT EFFORT OF
PIPING DESIGNER AND PIPE STRESS ENGINEER.
CARE TO BE TAKEN TO PROVIDE PROPER ACCESS TO PUMPS
FOR OPERATION /MAINTANANCE REQUIREMENTS.
SAFETY ASPECTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DECIDING PIPING
LAYOUT, LIKE LOCATION OF VALVES,AUXILIARY PIPING ETC.

DIFFERENT PIPING LAYOUTS BASED ON

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PUMPS.
A) END SUCTION / TOP DISCHARGE PUMPS PIPING

NO PLATFORM RQUIREMENT FOR SUCTION PIPING.

STRAINER LOCATED AT GRADE EASY FOR MAINTANANCE.
SUCTION VALVES ARE ACCESSIBLE.
DISCHARGE PIPING TAKEN TO GRADE FOR MAKING VALVES
ACCESSIBLE AND EASY SUPPORTING.
CARE TO BE TAKEN WHILE ROUTING DISCHARGE LINE NOT TO
BLOCK ACCESS TO COUPLINGS.

413-P07A/B/C

413-P07A/B/C

471-P02A/B

471-P02A/B

BENZENE COLUMN BOTOM PUMPS

B) TOP SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE PUMPS.

SUCTION LINES AT HIGHER ELEVATION , SO PLATFORMS ARE

REQUIRED FOR VALVE ACCESS AND STRAINER MAINTANANCE.
PLATFORM STRUCTURE SHALL NOT INTERFERE WITH ACCESIBILITY
/ MAINTANABILITY OF PUMPS.
DISCHARGE LINE TAKEN TO GRADE FOR VALVE ACCESSIBILITY AND
EASY SUPPORTING.
INTERDISTANCE BETWEEN PUMPS WILL BE MORE TO
ACCOMMODATE THE PLATFORM STRUCTURE.

413-P03A/B/C

413-P04A/B/C

XYLENE COLUMN BOTTOM PUMPS

VGO-CHARGE PUMP

C) SIDE SUCTION - SIDE DISCHARGE PUMPS

OCCUPY MORE SPACE BETWEEN PUMPS.

EASY SUPPORTING ,ACCESSIBILITY AND MAINTANABILITY.
CARE TO BE TAKEN NOT TO BLOCK ACCESS TO COUPLING ETC.
ANY REQUIREMENT OF STRAIGHT RUN TO BE VARIFIED BEFORE
FINALISING THE LAYOUT.

414-P19A/B/C

414-P19A/B/C

C12 PRODUCT FRACTIONATOR BOTTOM PUMP

C12 PRODUCT FRACTIONATOR BOTTOM PUMP

VERTICAL PUMPS

413-P24A/B

413-P24A/B

RECIPROCATING PUMPS

414-P18A/B RECIPROCATING PUMP

414-P18A/B

TANK FARM PUMPS GENERAL LAYOUT

TANK FARM - VR PUMPS

TANK FARM RFG TRANSFER PUMPS

NAPHTHA PUMP - VERTICAL

413-P04 HCO CIRCULATION SUPPORTS

414-P19A/B/C SUPPORTS

414-P13A/B/C- SUPPORTS DISCHARGE SIDE

414-P13A/B/C SUPPORTS SUCTION SIDE

SEAL FLUSHING PLANS:

Plan :01; 02; 11;13; 14; 21;23; 31; 32; 41;
52; 53; 54; 62; 65; 71; 72; 74; 75; 76;
COOLING WATER PLANS:
PLAN: A; B; D; K; M;

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