Amity University Rajasthan

PURUSHOTTAM SHARMA
SAMEER GUPTA
SHASHANK RAIZADA

Transmission Line
Def. A transmission line basically consists of 2 or more
parallel conductors used to connect a source to a load.
What is a transmission line?

Uniform transmission line is one which has its electrical

parameters remaining constant along its length of the line.
In which voltage to current ratio does not vary with distance
if the line is terminated in its characteristics impedance.
Electrical parameters of lines are R-L-C-G (ResistanceInductance-Capacitance-Conductance).
These parameters are defined per unit length of the
conductor and are called Primary constants of the line.

Amity University Rajasthan

Uses of Transmission lines:-

To transfer the energy or signal from the

transmitter to the receiver.
It acts as communication media.
In most cases, transmission lines are metallic
conductors.
Few e.g. of Transmission lines are:

Parallel wires
Twisted pair wires
Ribbon type
Co-axial cables
Micro-strip lines
Wave guides

Amity University Rajasthan

REASONS FOR AC GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Due to ease of transformation of voltage levels and rough collector

cage motors, ALTERNATING CURRENT is universally utilised. Both
for GENERATION and LOADS and hence for TRANSMISSION.
Generators are at distant places, away from the populated areas i.e.
the load centers

They are either PIT HEAD THERMAL or HYDEL

Turbines drive synchronous generators giving an output at 15-25
kV.

To reach the loads at homes/industry at required safe levels,

transformers step down voltage.
Amity University Rajasthan

COMPARISION OF HVAC & HVDC SYSTEMS

CONVENTIONALLY POWER TRANSMISSION IS EFFECTED THROUGH HVAC
SYSTEMS ALL OVER THE WORLD.

HVAC TRANSMISSION IS HAVING SEVER LIMITATIONS LIKE LINE LENGTH ,

UNCONTROLLED POWER FLOW, OVER/LOW VOLTAGES DURING LIGHTLY / OVER

LOADED CONDITIONS,STABILITY PROBLEMS,FAULT ISOLATION ETC

CONSIDERING THE DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC SYSTEM AND THE ADVANTAGES

OF HVDC TRANSMISSION , POWERGRID HAS CHOOSEN HVDC TRANSMISSION
FOR TRANSFERRING 2000 MW .

Amity University Rajasthan

ADVANTAGES OF HVDC OVER HVAC

TRANSMISSION
CONTROLLED POWER
ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION POSSIBLE BETWEEN
REGIONS HAVING DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL
PARAMETERS

NO RESTRICTION ON LINE LENGTH AS NO

REACTANCE IN DC LINES
Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

COST: AC vs DC Transmission
Line Cost AC

Line Cost DC

Terminal Cost DC
Terminal Cost AC
Break Even Distance

HVDC IN INDIA
Back-to-Back
HVDC LINK CONNECTING CAPACITY
REGION
(MW)

Vindyachal

North West

2 x 250

Chandrapur

West South

2 x 500

Vizag I

East South

500

Sasaram

East North

500

Vizag II

East South

500

Amity University Rajasthan

BASIC PRINCIPLES
OF
HVDC TRANSMISSION

Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

USE OF DC
Direct current is put to use in common life for driving
our portable devices, UPSs, battery systems and vastly
in railway.

DC AS A MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
This has been possible with beginning of

High power/ high current capability thyristor.

&
Fast acting computerized controls
Amity University Rajasthan

If DC is required to be used for transmission

&
since our primary source of power is A.C,

The following are three basic steps:1. Convert AC into DC (rectifier)

2. Transmit DC

3. Convert DC into AC ( inverter)

Amity University Rajasthan

Any Query ?

Amity University Rajasthan