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DEFINITIONS
AN EXPLOSIVE IS A SUBSTANCE THAT, WHEN SUITABLY
INITIATED CAN EXACT A SUDDEN AND INTENSE PRESSURE ON
ITS SURROUNDINGS BY THE RAPID FORMATION OF LARGE
QUANTITIES OF GAS

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EFFECTS OF RAPID FORMATION

OF GAS
SOUND
HEAT/FLASH LIGHT
SMOKE
FRAGMENT/MISSILES
BLAST/SHOCK WAVES

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STATES OF EXPLOSIVE MATTER

SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
SLURRY OR FOAM

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COMMON TERMS USED IN EXPLOSIVE

TECHNOLOGY
DETONATION
Occurs when a chemical change similar to
an explosion is accelerated to a shock wave which disrupts
the molecules of the explosives thereby creating great
energy.
DEFLAGRATION This is a term which describes a series of
chemical reactions in the form of furious burning which takes
place just above the surface of the explosives.
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CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES
LOW EXPLOSIVES (PROPELLANTS)
HIGH EXPLOSIVES

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CLASSIFICATION OF HIGH EXPLOSIVES

PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES (INITIATORS)
SECONDARY EXPLOSIVES (MAIN CHARGE)

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EXPLOSIVE TRAIN
This is sequence of events that culminates in the detonation
of explosives. It is a sequential arrangement of explosive
components with the sole aim of igniting main charge. Every
form of explosive munitions, commercial blasting system and
terrorist explosive devices must contain an explosive train.

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COMPONENTS OF AN EXPLOSIVE TRAIN

INITIATOR

INTERMEDIARY/BOOSTER

MAIN CHARGE

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PICTURE OF A COMPLETE ROUND OF AMMUNITION

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INITIATOR

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METHODS OF TRIGGERING INITIATORS

PERCUSSION
CARTRIDGE CAP

- FIRING STRIKING A SMALL ARMS

STABBING - A STRIKER HITTING THE PERCUSSION

DETONATOR IN A SHELL FUZE
ELECTRICAL
- AN ELECTRIC PRIMER FOR ARTILLERY
CARTRIDGES/AIRCRAFT AMMO
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PICTURES OF SHELL FUZE

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FORMS OF INITIATORS
IGNITER FOR LOW EXPLOSIVES

DETONATOR FOR HIGH EXPLOSIVES

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FORMS OF INITIATORS
IGNITERS
ARE DESIGN TO BURN, MAKING THEM LOW EXPLOSIVES
AND AS SUCH, THEY WILL NOT DETONATE AND WILL NOT NORMALLY
DISRUPT THEIR CONTAINERS. THEIR OUTPUT IS A FLASH WITH SOME
GAS PRESSURE, SOME HOT PARTICLES AND THEIR ROLE IS IGNIFEROUS

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TYPES OF IGNITERS
MECHANICAL

ELECTRICAL

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DETONATORS
DETONATORS ARE DESIGNED TO IMPART SHOCK WAVES.
BEING HIGH EXPLOSIVE, DETONATORS ALWAYS WILL
DETONATE AND DESTROY THEIR CONTAINERS. THE OUTPUT
OF THIS IS ALWAYS FLASH LIGHT, SHOCK WAVE AND HOT
PARTICLES OF THE CONTAINER

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PICTURES OF DETONATORS

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BOOSTER

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INTERMEDIARY EXPLOSIVES OR
BOOSTERS
ARE EXPLOSIVE CHARGES INCLUDED IN THE EXPLOSIVE
TRAIN. THE FLAME OR SHOCK WAVE FROM THE INITIATOR IS
TRANSFERRED TO THE MAIN CHARGE THROUGH THE
INTERMEDIARY/BOOSTER WITH SUFFICIENT STRENGTH TO
ENSURE THAT THE MAIN CHARGE FUNCTIONS AS DESIRED

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MAIN CHARGE

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MAIN CHARGE
IN THE EXPLOSIVE TRAIN, THE MAIN CHARGE IS ALSO
CLASSED AS SECONDARY EXPLOSIVE AND IT FOLLOWS THE
INTERMEDIATE/BOOSTER. IT IS THE MAIN PART OF THE
EXPLOSIVE TRAIN THAT DOES THE DAMAGE TO A TARGET. IT
IS DESIGNED PROVIDE REQUIRED EFFECTS WHEN INITIATED
AS THE MUNITION FUNCTIONS. IT IS EITHER TO PROPEL,
PROVIDE HEAT, SHOCKWAVE, FLASH, SMOKE, FRAGMENTS OR
SOUND
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PICTURES OF PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES

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IED
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IEDs) IS A HOMEMADE
BOMB CONSTRUCTED AND DEPLOYED IN WAYS OTHER THAN
THE CONVENTIONAL MILITARY ACTION. THEY ARE USED
MOSTLY BY GUERILLAS OR COMMANDO FORCES IN A
THEATRE OF OPERATIONS

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PICTURES OF SOME IEDs

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CATEGORIES OF IEDs
PACKAGE TYPE IED
VEHICLE-BORNE IEDS (VBIEDS)

SUICIDE BOMB IED

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PICTURES OF SUICIDE BOMBERS

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CONTENTS OF IEDs
AN INITIATION SYSTEM OR FUZE
EXPLOSIVE FILL

A DETONATOR
A POWER SUPPLY FOR THE DETONATOR

A CONTAINER
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IED DETECTION AND DIPOSAL GEARS

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SOME INDICATORS OF IEDs

ABANDONED BUILDINGS AND ATTRACTIVE ITEMS THAT ARE
USUALLY LEFT ALONE
ELECTRICAL WIRES, BATTERIES, BOOBY TRAPS, AND STORE
ITEMS (CLOTHES PEGS, MOUSE TRAPS, STEEL TUBES, AND
SPRINGS)
ISOLATED BOXES AND CONTAINERS ALONG ROUTES
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SOME INDICATORS OF IEDs (CONTD)

TRIP WIRES, STRING, AND CABLES

DISTURBED SOIL AND SAND

FOOTPRINT TRAILS THAT STOP SUDDENLY

ABANDONED VEHICLES, MILITARY EQUIPMENT, WEAPONS,

UNIFORMS, AND PAPERS

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PICTURES OF TRIP WIRE BOMB

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GUIDELINES FOR DEALING WITH IEDs

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DISPOSE OF EXPLOSIVES UNLESS YOU

HAVE BEEN TRAINED TO DO SO
ALERT THE AUTHORITY IMMEDIATELY A SUSPICIOUS PACKAGE
IS OBSERVED AND DO NOT PANIC
CLEAR THE AREA SURROUNDING THE SUSPECTED IEDs AND
RESTRICT MOVEMENT OF PERSONS
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PICTURE OF MINE RESISTANT AMBUSH

PROTECTED (MRAP) VEHICLES

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