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Rathus
Chapter 16
Chapter 16
Adolescence:
Social and Emotional Development
Development of Identity
and the Self-Concept
Who Am I?
(And Who Else?)
Psychological moratorium
Experimental period
Identity Crisis
Successful resolution is understanding who you are and what you
stand for
Identity diffusion
Low exploration and commitment
Foreclosure
Low exploration; high commitment
Moratorium
High exploration; low commitment
Identity achievement
High exploration and commitment
Friendships
More friends than younger children
One of two best friends
Based on acceptance, intimate self-disclosure and mutual
understanding
Typically same age, race, and sex
Friendship contributes to
Positive self-concept and psychological adjustment
Crowds
Larger groups who do not spend much time together
Defined by activity or attitude of group
Sexual Orientation
Sexually attracted to, and interested in forming a relationship
with people of other sex Heterosexual
with people of same sex Homosexual
with people of either sex Bisexual
Effects of puberty
Early onset puberty earlier sexual activity
Parental influences
Close relationship with parents less early sexual activity
Peer influences
Predictor of sexual activity
Sexual activity of best friend
Figure 16.1 Percentage of Students in Grades 9-12 Who Report Ever Having Had
Figure 16.2 Percentage of Sexually Active Students in Grades 9-12 Who Report
Figure 16.3 Trends in Pregnancy and Birthrates Among Women, Age 15-19, in the
United States and Other Developed Nations
Ethnicity
Factors for overrepresentation of African American youth in
juvenile justice system
Racial bias
Economic factors
Origins of suicide
Social problems
Less capable of solving problems
Genetics
Suicide and psychological problems runs in families
Eriksons moratorium
Extended search for identity