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Penyebab Utama
Bakteri ( Gardnerella vaginosis, Neiserria
gonorrhea)
Virus ( HIV, herpes)
Jamur (Kandidiasis)
Gardnerella vaginalis
flora normal yang berada di vagina, yang
bisa menyebabkan bakterial vaginosis
karena terjadinya perubahan pH di vagina,
aktivitas seks yang tinggi, dan berganti
ganti pasangan
Manifestasi
Women often report that the odor is particularly
embarrassing after sexual intercourse. When semen
mixes with vaginal secretions, it lowers the acidity
level to make the odor particularly strong. Odor may
also be more noticeable around the time of menses.
Vaginal itching or burning is also sometimes present.
Up to 40% of women with BV may experience no
outward symptoms. BV has been associated with
pelvic inflammatory disease, which can result in
infertility, as well as increased risk of endometritis,
cervicitis, pregnancy complications, and post-operative
infections. Pregnant women with BV in the 23rd to
26th weeks of pregnancy were 40% more likely to
deliver a low birth-weight baby (i.e., less than 5.5 lbs)
Diagnosis
Candidiasis
Candida, a commensal organism, is found in
small population densities in the vaginal
ecosystems of nearly one third of healthy
women. Symptomatic infection arises,
however, when proliferation causes a shift
from colonization to frank adherence and
infection. The most common offender
is Calbicans; however, other species
of Candida, such as tropicalisand glabrata,
have become increasingly prevalent,
currently representing one third of isolates
Manifestasi
The patient typically presents with a thick,
"curdled" white discharge or vulvar pruritus
(Table I). The vagina has no "itch"
receptors, hence, pruritus ensues only
after the fungus has spread distally onto
the vulva (Fig. 5). The discharge is usually
neither malodorous nor off-white unless a
mixed infection is present. The vagina
often appears hyperemic; the vulva can be
erythematous and/or excoriated
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is frequently made based on the
character of the vaginal discharge (i.e.,
curd-like discharge) and on other patient
signs and symptoms. Grams stains and
KOH treatment of the discharge can be
performed to look for yeast cells and
pseudohyphae.
Vaginal pH
3.8 - 4.2
> 4.5
4.5
Discharge
White,thin,
flocculent
Thin, white
(milky), gray
Yellow, green,
frothy
White, curdy,
"cottage cheese"
Amine odor
"whiff" test
Absent
fishy
fishy
Absent
Microscopic
Lactobacilli,
epithelial cells
Clue cells,
adherent cocci,
no WBC's
Trichomonads,
WBC's >10/hpf
Budding yeast,
hyphae,
pseudohyphae
Daftar Pustaka
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/719
240_5
http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/W
ebsite/lectures/lecture/stdd.htm