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Correlation between the distance from the CBD and the wealth of the
inhabited area; wealthier families tended to live much further away from
the Central Business District
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Assumptions
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Criticism
It describes the peculiar American geography, where the inner city is
poor while suburbs are wealthy
Commuter villages defy the theory, being in the commuter zone but
located far from the city
Doesnt consider Decentralization of shops, manufacturing industry, and
entertainment
Urban regeneration and gentrification - more expensive property can be
found in 'low class' housing areas
It does not address local urban politics and forces of globalization
The model does not fit polycentric cities, for example NCR
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Higher levels of access translate to higher land values- For eg. Low income
residential along sub urban rail road, where as manufacturing activity along
highway
In many respects, Hoyt's sector model is simply a concentric zone model modified to
account for the impact of transportation systems on accessibility.
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Criticism
Doesnt consider mixed use development
Commuter villages defy the theory, being in the commuter zone but
located far from the city
Doesnt consider Decentralization of shops, manufacturing industry, and
entertainment
Urban regeneration and gentrification - more expensive property can be
found in 'low class' housing areas
It does not address local urban politics and forces of globalization
The model does not fit polycentric cities, for example NCR
7
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different
business
centres or nuclei
Growth
occurs
outwards
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Complex
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Part of City
Downtown
Uptown
New Hubs
Residential Neighborhood
Circulation
Urban Fringe
Urban conurbation
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Part of City
DowntownCentre of the city- like a brain and soul of a body
Developed at most strategic location
Highest concentration of services
Downtown is not static- It grows with the city
Mostly old downtowns are very congested not design for heavy traffic movement
It is bordered by old residential settlement/manufacturing unit/ terminal facility like rail
yard
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Part of City
The Hub/ Sub centersCities are getting bigger need more than one service centers- Sub
Centers
Mono centered
Consists of one central and several sub-centers
Not interconnected between the sub-centers
Multi-nodal
Consists of one central and several sub-centers
Sub-sub-centers that are connected to each other.
Sub-sub-center in addition to connecting directly to the sub-center
is also connected directly to the center.
Multi-centered
Consists of several centers and sub centers which are connected to
each other.
Non-centered
In this model there is no central node as well as sub-center.
All nodes have the same hierarchy and are connected between
each other.
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Part of City
Inner-city
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Part of City
Urban suburbs
Often suburbs grew rapidly with the growth of road and rain network
Contain modern housing- detached plotted development
Availability of open space
Two part- Inner suburbs, Outer Suburbs
Reason Behind growth of suburbsBetter public transport and increased car ownership help people to separate there
home from work place
Availability of land in affordable range
Provision of better living environment
Inner Suburbs-
Outer Suburbs-
Detached Housing
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Part of City
Urban suburbs
Advantage-
Disadvantage-
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Part of City
Rural Urban Fringe
The area where the countryside meets the city is called the rural- urban fringe
edge of the city
Common Land useBusiness parks
Science Parks
Retail parks
Out of town shopping
Gradually urban fringe becomes the part of city
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Part of City
Urban Conurbation
Conurbation is the region comprising a number of cities, town
An area where two cities merge to form a continuous urban land