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SITE INTRODUCTION
Lucknow is known for its rich history and culture manifest not
just in its many magnificent Monuments but an intrinsic part of
its lifestyle.
Origin:
ARCHITECTURE:
CULTURE:
Lucknow, this name is a reflection of architectural wonders of Lakhauri bricks, the fragrance of
itra, soothing-lyrical notes, the tinkling of dancing bells, the mouth-watering dussheri mangoes,
and of course its unparallel tradition Mehman Nawazi. Known for its cultured language, attire,
etiquette and lifestyle Lucknow is also known as the City of Ada and Adab. The pillar on which this
tehzeeb raises itself is the Urdu language.
Gazals, Urdu poetry, drama, dance forms, festivals, milling chowks and various exciting games like
Kabutarbazi, Patangbazi and Baterbazi.
Under the royal patronage the various arts forms which originated here, namely the, Kathak, Thumri,
Khayal, Dadra, Gazals, Qawwalies and Sher-o-Shairi reached never before heights.
Lucknow also came to be recognized as an important centre of Islamic learning. The Urdu language
was polished and gained an important and irreplaceable place in the culture of Lucknow.
Crafts
CRAFT:
The Nawabs of Lucknow were great patrons of arts and artists. The most well known of them are the
Chikankari work(hand embroidery),Zardozi and Kamdani works,Jewellery, enamelling work, Bidri and
Zarbuland silver works .
There are some other crafts like gota weaving, dyeing and calico print, chandivarq (Siver) making, Ivory
work and bone carvings is also widely appreciated. Fine pottery, Attar (Itr) or perfumes, Lucknowi Paan,
Zarda (tobacco).
Kite flying ,Woodwork and construction of tazias, made of zari work, gold and silver papers are creations
of master craftsmen to commemorate the solemn occasion of Moharrum.
This makes Lucknow a shoppers delight thats hard to resist. This is a clear indication of the capacity these
arts and art forms have of generating employment, attracting tourists and conserving the invaluable
traditions of a spectacular city
Crafts
CUISINE:
The cuisine of Lucknow has its own distinct individuality and identity. The traditional food of Lucknow was
highly patronized by the Mughals thus giving it a very royal touch. Every detail was accounted for and it
was made sure that the food looked fit for the kings. A very high degree of flair and finesse was required
to cook the elaborate Lucknow cuisine.
The style of cooking was called as Dum style. This basically means that food was cooked on low flame.
This style is carried on till date. The blending of spices in the right proportion and the right way was also
not easy.
The most famous dishes of Lucknow are kormas, kaliya, nahari-kulchas, zarda, sheermal, roomali rotis
and warqi parathas, Some of the most famous (and delicious!) varieties of Kebabs are Kakori Kebabs,
tunde kebab Shami Kebabs, Boti Kebabs, Patili-ke-Kababs, Ghutwa Kebabs and Seekh Kebabs.
lucknow is the city of Nawabs and Kebabs, Biryani and Shervani , Tehzeeb and TameeZ
CHAWK BAZAAR:
Chowk is one of the oldest markets as well as
residential place in Lucknow.
It still retains some of its old Nawabi glamour
and harmony blended with modern type of
business and culture.
Around five hundred shops of the area, sell
Chikan Garments, Jewellery - gold and silver
utensils, etc.
Other intricate items like beautiful knives,
handmade lampshades, ivory shirt pins and small
toys. Itra made of flowers, Jardoji clothes and
handmade nagra shoes, chappals are also
available near Gol Darwaja.
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
Lucknow has never been the capital city of a large and important kingdom and thus there no strong
urban and architectural expression of power. Instead it developed through spontaneous additions
and accretions by consecutive rulers over the centuries. The river imposed an order on the city
and Important buildings and complexes were located on its banks. The meandering of the river
organizes the city structure in a gentle curve, Lucknow dates back to the seventh century BC,
though there are no existing structures from this period the valiant brother of the mythological
king Ram Chandra. Lakshman there still exists a mound near the river called the Lakshman ka tila
that is a reminder of the city's origin.
PRE-BRLTISH PERIOD
Historic records of Lucknow are available from 1031 AD when
Lucknow was attacked by Muslim king for the first time.
In 1530, the Afghan ruler in Delhi, Sher Shah Suri established a
silver and copper mint in Lucknow. The city grew rapidly of this
time and several important buildings inducing the Machhi
Bhawan and the Panch Mahal were built. It flourished as a
centre for trade and commerce .
Macchi bhawan
it added some new residential areas under the next emperor Jahangir During the reign of the
king Aurangzeb in Delhi, the staunch Muslim king, a mosque was built on the famous mound,
Lakshman ka Tila.
In 1720, Saadat Khan was the appointed ruler of Lucknow and a representative of one of the last
Mughal kings. He founded the Awadh dynasty and proclaimed himself the Nawab of Awadh,
this marked the beginning of an important time in the history of Lucknow when it was no longer a
subordinate province of Delhi.
In 1754, he was succeeded by Nawab Shujaud Daula who refused to transfer revenues to Delhi.
He moved the capital to Faizabad.
Lucknow became a much smaller town, with two main areas of living one near Chowk and the
other close to Machhi Bhawan. The rest of the city became overgrown and covered by green area.
His successor Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula moved the capital back to lucknow in 1775. he made
extensive additions to the city building sever buildings and gardens. Some of the prominent
tourist attraction in Lucknow today were build in his regime.
His successor Nawab Saadat Ali Khan was announced by the British in 1798 and was succeeded by
his son Nawab Ghazi-ud-din Haider in 1814. Lucknow flourished and grew towards the southeast
part of the city.
He was succeeded by Nawab Nasir-ud-din who was replaced by Mohammed Ali Shah and finally by
Wajid All Shah (1847-56).
AFTER INDEPENDENCE:
When got it independence in 1947, great increase in the
population of refugee after the national partition. Congestion
in the order part of the city is further increased. Over a decade
lucknow has grown stronger as a administrative town.
mughals
Colonial
Evolution of lucknow
Chawk today:
It still retains some of its old nawabi glamour and harmony blended with
modern type of business and culture. Chawk if the market in old city
region which typically defines the lucknow art forms.
The half a mile stretch of the street between two gateways of gol darwaza
and akbari darwaza has became a symbolic of old lucknow selling even
today the traditionally crafted goods and exotic delicacies
Around five hundred shops of the area, sell chikan garments, jewellery gold and silver utensils, etc.
Other intricate items like beautiful knives, handmade lampshades, ivory
shirt pins and small toys. Itra made of flowers, jardoji clothes and
handmade nagra shoes, chappals are also available near gol darwaja.
Urban fabric
These streets can be categories into primary, secondary, and
tertiary. Primary streets or the main roods 10-15 mts wide.
Secondary streets which is the main spine of the market is 4-6
m wide approx. tertiary streets are very narrow, having width of
1.2-2.5m approx.
The urban fabric is very tightly knit in the old city so that the
street feels like a elongated courtyard carved out of dense
building mass. With the width varying between 4 6 meters,
the horizontal to vertical ratio of street width to building
height increases from 2:3 to 1:2.
Building height:
The building floors along the street
varies from ground to third floor.
Ground floor: 8.65%
G+1: 50.5%
G+2: 35.8 %
G+3: 4.9 %
Typology of structures:
The streets can be characterised by building of
different styles pertaining to their usage and
activity.
these are majorly of nawabi period with typical
architectural features of indo islamic style. Eg
arches, depiction of fish etc. Most of the
buildings belongs to courtesans and old nawabs.
Building ownership:
The ownership within the area can be categoried
as public, private and trust owned. Public
owned buildings are less. These trust belong to
both muslim or non muslim eg, hussainabad
improvement trust, jain trust and bolenath trust.
Theprivate owner in this area is multiple, most
of the shops are rented on minimal rents.
trust owned: 40%
Privately owned:54%
Public owned: 4-5 %
Typologies of Activities
The activity pattern for any can be
based on various factors including:
economic activity pattern, cultural
activities
and
social
activity.
Chowk is a wholesale market which
specializes in chikan kari work. So the
activities happening in the area are
based on the economic factors which
have a cultural background to them,
since all the art forms heritage of that
area.
For the case of chiKanKari embroidery,
the printing is done in household level
and the final product which comes
through various level of manufacturing
is retailed or wholesaled. And other
crafts which flourished under nawabs
clearly seen in chawk market.
ISSUES:
1- LOSS OF HISTORICITY:
One of the issue pertaining to the place is the excessive,
uncontrolled, unchecked commercialization of the spine.
This street was not designed with the aim to cater a such a large
amount of commercial activities. the excessive commercialization
eating up the old and traditional building and richness of the fabric.
which are slowly being brought down and converted into
commercial and office complex.
Present Development in the form of concrete frame structures are
coming up due to which historicity is being lost and there is
deterioration of the buildings and the space.
Apart from built resources which are tangible, there are intangible
resources as well for eg., the famous cuisine of chowk, its cultural
character which included dance and music etc. and since, the street
has not been promoted or encouraged in terms of its intangible
resources, its rich heritage is under threat and its Cultural identity is
being lost.
Due to the unmanaged governmental policies and negligence in
terms of the potential of tourism in Chawk area. The tourist count
is minimal which could have been appreciable since most of the
lucknow rich heritage monuments are situated nearby chawk area.
There is lack of proper space for the informal activities happening
there.
4 encroachment
Encroachment has come up along the street. The
shops have been encroached to around 0.6m along
the plinth and same is for the upper floors of the
buildings in the form of projected balconies or
hoardings. Encroachment has led to issues of
congestion, deterioration of street facade etc.
hoarding and other projections also make visual
obstruction.
5 lack of open space
There is lack of recreation space for
the children since there is just one
open playground within the area
known as Hiran Park and there to and
there is no sitting space for the
visitors or the residences.
6-multiple ownership
The successive fragmentation of the properties and multiple ownership renders the tax collection
and provision of various services difficult. Multiple ownership has led to the degradation of the
place as it restricts the overall growth of the place.
Area inside the inside the King Unani Hospital complex have Been converted Into a row of
commercial shops, however the original building is intact.
Similarly a well has been filled up and the space has been encroached for commercial purposes
The heavy strain upon the infrastructure facilities has made the area more problematic.
The condition of the streets and the dirty drains are poor and solid waste management need
urgent attention.
Lack of physical infrastructure like sewerage, water supply , underground electric lines.
Sewerage is been dumped into drainage, which is creating inappropriate environmental
conditions.
There are some thoughts about protecting such vivid cultural and historical value of
past, In City Development Plan of Lucknow.
To revive the lost glory of heritage zones like Kaiserbagh, Hussainabad and La
Martiniere including Hazratganj, Residency, Chowk, Dilkhusha, for the benefit of the
city and the country culturally, and as a core ingredient of a vibrant tourism sector.
Among the top tourist destinations in India by positioning Lucknow as a major Nawabi
and Raj heritage hub that provides a holistic tourist experience through skilful
amalgamation of HISTORIC MONUMENTS, CULTURE, FOOD AND CRAFTS.
Thank you..