APPLICATIONS OF

BESSEL
FUNCTIONS
By
Erebus

INTRODUCTION

Two types: 1st kind and 2nd kind.

Especially important for problems related to
Wave propagation
Static potentials.
Broadly divided into 3 categories.

THREE IMPORTANT CATEGORIES

Em waves in a cylindrical waveguide,
heat conduction.
Electronics and signal processing.
Modes of vibration of an artificial
membrane; Acoustics.

Short length of rectangular waveguide (WG17

with UBR120 connection-flanges)

 Electromagnetic Waveguide

Electric field inside an x-band

hollow metal waveguide.

 Cylindrical waveguide

Heat conduction in cylindrical objects

 heat flow initiated within

a hollow infinite cylinder
at an initial condition can
be generated from the
roots of any type of
Bessel's functions.

The heat conduction

equation can be solved as
spherical Bessel
differential equation

APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND

SIGNAL PROCESSING
BESSEL FILTER
KAISER WINDOW
FM SYNTHESIS

What is a Bessel filter?

Friedrich bessel, German
mathematician.
Belongs to Electronics, signal
processing
Linear filter
Maximally flat group delay(linear
phase response)
Used in audio crossover systems.

SIM965 Bessel and

Butterworth Filter

4th order bessel filter

How is it related to Bessel functions?

Low pass filter is characterized by transfer
function.
Also called network function
Its a rational function.
Denominator is reverse Bessel polynomial.

A plot of the gain and group delay for a fourth-order low pass Bessel filter. Note
that the transition from the pass band to the stop band is much slower than for
other filters, but the group delay is practically constant in the passband. The
Bessel filter maximizes the flatness of the group delay curve at zero frequency.

What is Kaiser window?

Window function:
Mathematical function
Zero-valued outside some interval.
Kaiser window:
One-parameter family of window function.
Used for digital signal processing.

How is it related to Bessel functions?

It is denoted by

Io is the zeroth order modified Bessel

function of first kind.
Alpha an arbitrary real number
determining shape
N=M+1 where N is length of sequence.

Kaiser window function for M = 128

and = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.

What is FM synthesis?
Frequency modulation synthesis
Form of audio synthesis
Timbre is changed by frequency
modulating
Results in complex wave form and
different tone.

The harmonic distribution of a simple sine

wave signal modulated by another sine wave
signal can be represented with Bessel
functions .
This provides a basis for a simple mathematical
understanding of FM synthesis and frequency
modulation as well.

APPLICATIONS IN ACOUSTICS
(such as a drum or other
membranophone)

Modes of vibration of a thin circular

artificial membrane
Solutions to the wave
equation in 2 dimensions
(mathematically non-trivial..)
Its of cylindrical symmetry
so-called Bessel functions are
solutions to the wave equation.
Boundary condition: circular
membrane (drum head) is
clamped at the edge a
displacement node at the edge

 2-D wave equation has Bessel function solutions in the radial (r)
direction: Jm(xmn) = Jm(kmnr), xmn = kmnr (dimensionless quantity),
where kmn = wavenumber = 1/mn, and m, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..
The index m refers to the so-called order # of the Bessel function, and the
index n = node #.
The boundary condition that the membrane is attached at its edge
requires that there be a displacement node at r = a = the radius of drum
head gives rise to distinct modes of vibration of the drum head.

Micro-tensioned, randomly arranged

cylindrical membrane

Example of membrane analysis

Membranophone and acoustic

resonance in artificial
membrane

CONCLUSION
Other applications include:
Diffusion problems on a lattice.
Solutions to the radial Schrdinger equation (in
spherical and cylindrical coordinates) for a free
particle.

References:
http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/p
hys193/Lecture_Notes/P193_Lect4_Ch4
_Part2.pdf
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeatCo
nductionEquationDisk.html

THANK YOU