Sharing Traffic 2G-3G

Load Base Handover 2G-3G

Cell Reselection

3G-2G
2G-3G
PUSH AMR

I insert classification level

1
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Load based Handover GSM -> WCDMA

Load of GSM cell
100%

Load reason
Handovers
for speech

Speech to WCDMA
only with high GSM load

More capacity
for speech

Packet Data to WCDMA

regardless of GSM load

Higher bit rates

for data users

80%
Utran
HoThScTpdc
= 80%

Packet BCCH parameters can be used

to push GPRS mobiles to WCDMA

0%
Soc Classification level
2
NSN Siemens Networks

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Load & Coverage Reason Handover

Load reason
Handover for speech
and for HSCSD

GSM high
loaded

WCDMA low
loaded

GSM

GSM can be used to extend

WCDMA coverage area

GSM

GSM

WCDMA

WCDMA

GSM

WCDMA

Load reason
Handover
Soc Classification level
3
NSN Siemens Networks

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WCDMA can be used

to relieve GSM overload

GSM

GSM

Mobile moving

Coverage reason
Handover

Load based Handover Process: GSM-> WCDMA

Handover Triggering Thresholds set in BSC

Inter-RAT measurements starts in case

The RXLEV of the serving cell is above or
below the given threshold Qsearch_C

Handover Decision is done in case of

Load of the serving cell > Load_Threshold
& CPICH Ec/No> min Ec/No Threshold

MS selects the target UTRAN cell based

on measurement results

Handover command is send to MSC

Soc Classification level

4
NSN Siemens Networks

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Parameters are sent from the BSC to the mobile

in the Measurement Information message
MS is measuring the UTRAN cells continuously
if they are defined as a neighbor ,
The number of GSM neighbor reported could be 3-6
depending on the set value of parameter
FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORT (0,1,2=def,3).

The load is measured in the cell level by comparing

the occupied TCHs to the available TCHs (20 s
interval used)
Load Threshold for Speech Calls or Transparent Data
inter-RAT Handover:
utranHoThScTpdc (Min Traffic Load TDHO),
default = 80%
minEcnoThreshold (Min CPICH EC/NO
Threshold), default 15 dB

Hidden

Changeable

ISHO 2G -> 3G Parameters

Parameter

Specification name

NSN parameter

Range

Default value

min traffic load for speech call

LOAD_THRESHOLD_FOR
_SC_IS_HO

utranHoThScTpdc (LTSC)

0-100%

80%

minimum CPICH Ec/Io level

MIN_ECNO_THRESHOLD

minEcnoThreshold

-240.5 dB

-15 dB

(MET)

min interval between unsucc ISHO

attempt

MIN_INTERVAL_BETWEE
N_UNSUCC_ISHO_ATTE
MPT

minIntUnsuccIsHo (UMIU)

0255 s

3s

threshold for multi-RAT MS

Qsearch_C

qSearchC (QSRC)

015

15 (never)
rec. 7 (always)

Specification name

Parameter explanation

Value range

Note

FDD_REP_QUANT

Indicates the reporting quantity for UTRAN

FDD cells

0=RSCP,
1=EC/NO

Not tunable,
Fixed value 1

3G_SEARCH_PRIO

Indicates if 3G cells may be searched when

BSIC decoding is required

0 = no,
1 = yes

Not tunable,
Fixed value 1

FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING

The number of cells from the access

technology/mode FDD that shall be included
in the measurement report

03

Not tunable,
Fixed value 2

Qsearch_C_Initial

Indicates the Qsearch value to be used in

connected mode before Qsearch_C is
received

0 = use Qsearch_I,
1 = (always)

Not tunable,
Fixed value 0

Soc Classification level

5
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Handover Control
GSM ISHO
Load Based Handover to WCDMA
Cell Reselection

Soc Classification level

6
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell Reselection 3G -> 2G

CPICH EcNo

UE starts GSM measurements if

CPICH Ec/No < qQualMin + sSearchRAT

SintraSearch

First ranking of all the cells based on

CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM)

SinterSearch

Rs = CPICH RSCP + Qhyst1

Rn= Rxlev(n) - Qoffset1

Serving WCDMA cell

calculation, with
hysteresis parameter

Neighbour WCDMA or GSM

cell calculation with offset
parameter

SsearchRAT
qQualMin
No

Yes

Rn (GSM) > Rs (WCDMA)

And
Rxlev (GSM) >QrxlevMin

Second ranking only for WCDMA

cells based on CPICH Ec/No
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
Rn=CPICH_Ec/No(n)-Qoffset2
Soc Classification level
7
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell re-selection
to GSM
Cell re-selection to
WCDMA cell of highest
R value

Cell Reselection 3G -> 2G

UE ranks the serving cell and the measured neighboring cells to find out if
reselection should be made
All the measured suitable cells (S-criteria) are included in the ranking.

Criteria for a suitable cell (S-criteria) is defined as

WCDMA intra-frequency neighbor cell:
CPICH Ec/No > AdjsQqualmin and CPICH RSCP > AdjsQrexlevmin

WCDMA inter-frequency cell:

CPICH Ec/No > AdjiQqualmin and CPICH RSCP > AdjiQrexlevmin

GSM cell:
Rxlev > Qrxlevmin

Ranking is done using Criteria R, and the UE reselects to the cell with highest Rcriteria. R-criteria is defined as:
For serving cell: Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
For neighboring cell Rn = Qmeas,n Qoffsetts,n
Qmeas is CPICH Ec/No for WCDMA cell and RxLev for GSM cell
GSM measurements can start when CPICH Ec/Io of serving cell is below Ssearch_RAT + QqualMin
Soc Classification level
8
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell Reselection 2G -> 3G

Qsearch_I:
0..15; 1; 7
(always)

GSM MS starts WCDMA measurements if :

RLA_C< F(Qsearch_I) for 0<Qsearch_I<=7
or
RLA_C> F(Qsearch_I) for 7<Qsearch_I<=15

check

no priorities
between
WCDMA
neighbors

at least every 5 s

Measurement Updates:
RLC_C value of the serving cell
+ least 6 strongest non serving GSM cells

If, for suitable UMTS cell

& for a period of 5 s:
CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset

and
CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin

Fdd_Qoffset:
select always
(value is -infinity)

WCDMA cell
reselection
FDD_Qmin:

-20... 6; 2; -12 dB
Soc Classification level
9
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell Re-selection Parameters

Qsearch_I and Qsearch_P define the threshold for non-GPRS/GPRS (respectively) capable

UEs to measure 3G neighbour cells when a running average of the received downlink
signal level (RLA_C) of the serving cell is below (0-7) or above (8-15) the threshold
Value

10

14

15

dBm

-98

-94

-74

Alway
s

-78

-74

-70

-54

Never

If RLA_C < -94 UE starts

3G measurements

UE always measures 3G
cells

If RLA_C > -70 UE starts

3G measurements

FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Offset the non-GPRS/GPRS (respectively) capable UEs

add this offset to the RLA_C of the GSM cells. After that the UE compares the
measured RSCP values of 3G cells with signal levels of the GSM cells

Value

14

15

dBm

-always

-28

-24

-20

24

28

Always select
irrespective of RSCP
Soc Classification level
value NSN Siemens Networks
10

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Reselect in case RSCP >

GSM RXLev (RLA_C)
+28dB

Cell Re-selection Example: weaker WCDMA

Non GPRS case
RSCP/
RLA_C

Idle Mode

Ec/No

Cell re-selection to WCDMA

RLA_C

Serving GSM Cell

Qsearch_I =
-98 dBm
FDD_Qoffset = -8 dB

Measurements starts (serving cell)

Neighbour WCDMA Cell

FDD_Qmin=0
-12 dB

RSCP
Ec/N0
Minimum Quality Requirement for WCDMA

t
5 sec.

CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset

&

CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin

Soc Classification level
11
NSN Siemens Networks

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GSM -> WCDMA

Cell Re-selection Example: stronger WCDMA

GPRS case
RSCP/
RLA_C

Connected Mode

Ec/No

RLA_P
Cell re-selection to WCDMA

FDD_GPRS_Qoffset
= 8 dB
Qsearch_P
= -98 dBm

Serving GSM Cell (Best)

RSCP
Measurements starts (serving cell)
FDD_Qmin
= -20 dB
Neighbour WCDMA Cell

Ec/N0

Minimum Quality Requirement for WCDMA

t
5 sec.

Soc Classification level

12
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

GSM -> WCDMA

How to avoid ping pong ?

When phone is camped on 3G, GSM measurements can start when CPICH Ec/Io of
serving cell is below Ssearch_RAT + QqualMin.
When phone is camped on GSM, cell reselection to 3G is possible if CPICH Ec/Io of the
candidate is above FDD_Qmin.
Therefore, to avoid ping pongs between 3G and GSM the following condition should be
met:
FDD_Qmin >= QqualMin+Ssearch_RAT
CPICH Ec/Io

FDD_Qmin >= -12

dB

QqualMin +Ssearch_RAT
Ssearch_RAT=4 dB

QqualMin=-18 dB

Camping on 3G

Camping on GSM

Camping on 3G
t

Soc Classification level

13
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

PUSH AMR
Push Voice 3G-2G

Soc Classification level

14
NSN Siemens Networks

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Forced Handover for AMR Voice Call

AMR voice call setup in 3G
Feature can be used to push
3G AMR calls to 2G
Extreme parameter setting for ISHO
trigger cause UE Tx power (event 6A)

WCDMA
forced handover
to GSM

GSMcauseTxPWRUL

GSM

FMCG; 0 (no) / 1 (yes)

FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrUL
FMCG: GsmUETxPwrThrAMR

UE

[..]

RNC
RRC: RadioBearerSetup
RRC: RadioBearerSetupComplete
RRC: MeasurementControl

Remember:

6A:
UE Tx power >
absolute threshold

RRC: MeasurementReport (event 6A)

UE immediately answers
with Measurement Report
push means Handover, not Directed-Retry !
Soc Classification level
15
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

ISHO measurements & HO

to GSM

max. allowed UE Tx Power

(e.g. 21 dBm) +
GsmUETxPwrThrAMR:
FMCG; -60..0; 1; -3 dB
here: - 60 dB !

Forced Handover for AMR Voice Call

FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrUL
Range and step: 0 (False), 1 (True)
Indicates whether a handover to GSM caused by high UE TX power level is enabled. The
handover is enabled when the value of the parameter is "Used
To enable feature, setting must be 1 (True)

FMCG: GsmUETxPwrThrAMR
Range and step: -60..0 dB
This parameter determines the UE TX power threshold for a CS voice connection. If the
handover to GSM caused by high UE TX power level is enabled, the RNC starts inter-RAT
(GSM) measurements when the UE TX power reaches this threshold. The UE TX power
threshold is relative to the maximum TX power level an UE can use on the DPCH in the cell (or
the maximum RF output power capability of the UE, whichever is lower
To enable feature, setting must be 60 dB

Soc Classification level

16
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

THANKS

Soc Classification level

17
NSN Siemens Networks

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