Organic Compounds:

Proteins

NYA Lecture 6
Textbook 50-54
February 11/12, 2013
Suzanne Kunicki

STUDENTS Pre-class prep

Read pages 50-54
Know the difference between tertiary &
quaternary structure.
Watch video: http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0072835125/126997/
animation44.html or read
http://scienceblogs.com/retrospectacle/200
7/02/basic_concepts_prions.php

True or False
1. > 50% of the dry weight of your body = protein.
2. 98% of our total body proteins are renewed within
one year.
3. When there is a surplus of amino aids & energyyielding nutrients, the body converts the aa into fat.
4. High-protein diets are necessary to maintain
healthy kidneys.
5. Our bodies can make protein.

6. Our bodies can make some amino acids.

7. Vegetarians usually dont have enough protein in
their diet.

Protein Lecture
Function
Essential aa
4 levels of protein structure
Primary: determined by genes
Secondary: -helix, -pleated
Tertiary & Quaternary
Structure & Function: denaturation &
diseases

Proteins have many functions

Enzymes
Transport protein: hemoglobin, channel
proteins
Cytoskeleton
Muscle proteins
Some hormones: ex insulin
Antibodies
ATP
Can be used for energy aa +
+ CO2
O2

+ heat

Proteins are made of amino acids

There are 20 common aa
Some hydrophilic (FYI:glu, ser, thr..)
Some hydrophobic (FYI: ile, leu, gly..)

Polypeptide: polymer of aa in a specific

shape
Protein: 1 or more polypeptides
folded/coiled into a specific shape

FYI: Examples of Amino Acids

Essential Amino Acids

Animal cells can make some, but not all of
the amino acids.
Essential aa: _____________________.
Have to get from diet
8 for humans : Isoleucine, leucine, lysine,
methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan,
valine
Children also need arginine for growth

FYI only

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/compprot.htm

Digestion
(hydrolysis)

Proteins in the body

50,000 to 70,000
Arg Pro Thr
Arg-His-Pro-Pro-Leu-Phe
His Pro
Phe
Leu
Met-Val-Thr-His-Leu-Glu
Lys
His Leu
Gln-Pro-Ser-His-Lys
Met Val Pro
Glu
Gln Ser His

His-Met-Ser-Leu-Glu

Protein/amino acid supplements

Unnecessary
Limited binding sites on cells: can get
competition
Excess protein fat & hard on kidneys
Expensive
Ridiculous claims like predigested protein
easy to digest, so prevent digestive system
from overworking
Some have caused deaths

4 levels of Protein structure

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Polypeptide can spontaneously organize into complex
shape

Protein shape essential to function

Ex receptor, antibody, enzyme

Primary Structure
Amino acid SEQUENCE (determined by
the gene)

Note: His-Ser-Gln-Gly Ser-Gln-Gly-His

stop post, sequence is crucial.

Shape of protein ultimately depends on

primary sequence.

Secondary Structure

-helix: Flexible: bonds can be broken/polypeptide can

stretch. Release tension polypeptide recoils H-bonds
reform (like a telephone cord)
-pleat: strong

FYI

-helix & -pleat

Flexible: -helix; Strong: -sheet

Watch: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9674000/9674949.stm

Tertiary Structure
Ionic bond

H bond

Hydrophobic
interaction
Disulfide
bond

Fig 3-21

See coiled chain folding

on itself

Quaternary Structure
Association of two or more polypeptide
chains

TTR

2 different polypeptide
chains: &

3 copies of same 4 copies of same

polypeptide
polypeptide

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/
biology/bio4fv/page/3d_prot.htm

Denaturation
when a protein unravels and loses its native
conformation (shape)
-What happens to function?____________
Denaturation by heat

Alcohol &
wounds

70% alcohol solution is used as a

disinfectant
penetrate the bacterial cell wall and
denature the proteins and enzymes
inside the cell

Misfolding in Disease
Protein misfolding can occur due to
mutations or messed up cellular conditions
Examples:

Sickle cell anemia: Hb mutation

Cystic fibrosis: mutant Cl- channel

Structure & Function: Sickle

cell anemia: 1 aa changed

Mutant prion proteins are

infectious
Normal prion

Misfolded prion

To Do
1. See follow up on next slide.
2. DO Pre-class prep of lecture 7 (on
website:
http://place.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/~bioNYA/ )

3. CE Project:

See posted Class schedule for deadlines

STUDENTS follow-up for all of

macromecules
1. Try the online quizzes at:
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0073031208/student_view0/chapter3/multipl
e_choice.html
(omit questions 4B, 5A, 6B, 13D, 17E, 27D, 28A, 29D, 31E, 34B, 36A, 39B, 41A,
43C)

http://www.tusculum.edu/faculty/home/ivanlare/html/quiz/
05q-macromolecules.html
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp03/0302
002.html
2. Check out the crossword puzzle for Nucleic acids,
transcription, translation, proteins: the link can be
found in my Quizzes/Practice folder
3. See sample questions I posted

FYI: Can Eating Extra Protein

Make Muscles Grow Larger?
No
Hard work, not excess dietary protein, is the
trigger for the genes to build more muscle tissue
--------------------------- FYI
Exercise generates cellular messages (for up to
48 hrs after the workout) that stimulate DNA to
begin the process of building up muscle fibers
A snack rich in both protein and carbohydrate eaten directly
after exercise may help in this regard

Need all essential aa in blood (1-2 hrs) BEFORE

& AFTER workout