Safety, Occupational Health and Working

Environment (OSHE) committee

Chapter 3

The roles and

responsibilities of OSHE
committee in the
enterprise.

The OSHE committee has the duties

as the following

Conduct the hazard elimination from workplace continuously.

Establish the safety standard and manual for each operation and utilize
them in the workplace.
Implement the recommendation on accident/incident and hazard control
in the workplace.
Identify the proper personal protective equipment that suitable for
protect the hazard from work and require the employees to wear them
all the time while they are working.
Follow up the progress of OSHE activities and report to the employer.

The prevention and control of the danger from work

the machinery hazard prevention and control .

the electricity hazard prevention and control .
the material handling and storage hazard prevention and control .
the industrial fire hazard prevention and control.
the working environmental hazard prevention and control .
the chemical hazard prevention and control .
the ergonomic hazard prevention and control .
the construction work hazard prevention and control .
the personal protective equipment .

The machinery hazard prevention and control.

causes of machinery accident

Lack of proper machine guarding.
Ignorance or violate the safety operation procedures .
Employee has no the safety awareness.
not enough details of safety protection education training.

The machinery hazard prevention and control.

Develop machine guarding
Having devices to prevent contact with critical point
Check machine regularly
Provide the specific control devices to prevent access to
moving parts while they are in motion
Provide the Safety Operation Standard for machine
operation
Provide the personal protective equipment for the machine
operator and let them use all the time
Workers must be trained to use guards properly

Safeguards
Safeguard
Safeguards are essential to protect workers from preventable
injuries. Whenever the operation of a machine
To prevent danger from contacting to the danger part of the
machines
To prevent danger from the work process
To prevent danger from broken machines

safeguard maintenance regulation

the regular lubrication, repair and adjustment of both the machine and
the safeguarding systems are essential.
When a guard is removed for maintenance or adjustment, temporary
controls must be used to protect workers from machine hazards.
Ensure that during the maintenance or service operation, no one can
energize or start-up of the machines, or the release of stored energy
without permission
If the lockout or key is lost, immediately report and request the new set of
lockout and its key.
Do not allow workers who warring improper dresses operating the
machines

Machines maintenance
Maintenance operators have to inform every time
Ensuring the machines could not start up under repairing
process
Lock out must be used every time
Warning sign must be used every time
After the repairing to make sure lock out has been
removed
If lock out lost it should be reported and replace
immediately

Maintenance

The electricity hazard prevention and control.

The type of electrical injuries

1. Electrocution (death due to electrical shock),

2. Electrical shock
3. Burns, and
4. Falls.

To prevent an electrical incident

1. Type of electric
current
Direct Current orD.C.
Alternating Current or A.C.

Effects of Electrical Current on the Body

Current

1 milliamp
5 milliamps
625 milliamps (women)
930 milliamps (men)
50150 milliamps
1,0004,300milliamps

10,000 milliamps
15,000 milliamps

Reaction

Just a faint tingle.

Slight shock felt. Disturbing, but not painful. Most people can let go.
However, strong involuntary movements can cause injuries.
Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the range where
freezing Currents start.
It may not be possible to let go.
Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest (breathing stops), severe
muscle contractions. Flexor muscles may cause holding on; extensor
muscles may cause intense pushing away. Death is possible.
Ventricular fibrillation (heart pumping action not rhythmic) occurs.
Muscles (14.3 amps) contract; nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.
Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.(10 amps)
Lowest overcurrent at which typical fuses or circuit breaker opens a
circuit! (15 amps)

2. Electric impedances
Home electric 220 Volt
Factory electric 380 Volt

Electric for Transformer

1,000 Volt up
For safety < 24 Volt

3. Exposure time
220 Volt get dead with in 3-5 minutes

4. Type of skin (dealing to electric resistance)

For dry skin having electric resistance
100,000 600,000 ohms per cubic meters
Wet skin having electric resistance

1,000 ohms per cubic meters

100 % reduction

5. Moisture condition and others ex: electric

flow in the body,The amount of current passing
through the body

The prevention from electric hazards

Learning about electric theory
Electrical equipment selection
Electrical equipment installation
Inspection and maintenance
Warning sign
Proper uses of machine and electrical equipment
Strictly follow up the electrical standard

the manual material handling and storage

hazard prevention and control

the problems in the manual material handling and storage

Question for operation improving
Whether material handling has been removed or not
How do the injuries still occur and what is the causes
Safety facilities has been provided
Do you use machine for carrying material
Do you ware PPE
Whether safety training have been done
Whether safety monitoring have been implemented
Whether storage point have been set up
Whether having material storage manual

Principal of the material handling by hand

Material lifting

Material lifting in the right way

1. inspection

size, shape, weight

2. Standing near to the material

3. Bending the knee and keeping the back up

right naturally

4. Pulling the material close to body as

much as possible

5. Fix the chin or safe it

6. Walking into the direction of material

storage

the safety on the material handling by equipment

or tools
1. crowbar or wrecking bar

1.select the sufficient size and type

2.the user shall not stand over the crowbar during use
it
3.the user shall stand in the safe place to prevent the
nip, or hit from the uncertain condition of crowbar
4.head of the crowbar shall be in the good condition
5.hang all the crowbar on their place after used
136

2. wheeled vehicle

*1.Beware the wheel run over the fingers and

toes
2.When require to change the direction, please
use the steering
3.Do not change the direction too often
4.Do not use the gas cylinder as the wheel
136

3. hook or gaff

Hand hook shall always be sharp to prevent slip

when hook the boxes or materials.
Hook holder should be strong and fix firmly to the
hook body
Handle and long hook end shall be curved in the
same plane in order to lay the hook down upon the
ground and prevent the stumble
Put on the cover on the sharp end of the hook

4. spade or shovel

The edge of the spade or shovel should be smooth and

equal
Check the spade handle that should not have the sliver
The user shall wear the safety shoes with sheet plate
When using the spade, stretching out standing to keep
balancing and movable which both legs assume to get
the weight.
Using the heel portion, not the flat of the foot, to push
the spade into the materials to dig them up.
To wet the spade by dip into the water, when dig the
sticky material in order to avoid them to stick at the
spade.
Oiling or waxing the spade to prevent something to stick
at the spade
Hang them on the wall or on the bar after finish the task
or put into the box.

5. pushcart or wheelbarrow
General precaution for the pushcart

Beware the pushcart fall down from the dockyard or

slope
Beware the hitting with another pushcart or
obstruction
Beware of hands get nipped with the pushcart or
other obstruction
After finish using pushcart, put away, avoid leaving
at the walking area that may cause accidents from
someone tripping over or obstruct the traffic
Foldable pushcart shall be parked with handle up
position and not obstruct the traffic

Material handing ( in the past )

Material handing (in the present time)

Conveyor

General precaution for the belt conveyor

No climbing, sitting, and standing on the belt conveyor

Shall not be overloaded
No removing the cover of the gear wheel and chains while belt conveyor is working
Aware of the location of the belt conveyor system controller
The belt conveyor controller box should be in the accessible location
Before start the belt conveyor, all crews shall be in the safe location
Belt conveyor controller shall be trained
Immediate report for the obstruction to the belt conveyor
On the sides of the belt conveyor shall not contain obstructed objects
Before maintenance, be certain that the controller system is locked
Beware of the body parts and clothes from the belt conveyor
The maintenance engineer shall be skillful
Must install emergency stop switches at different locations and install warning alarm for overloading

Screw conveyor

the industrial engine vehicle

General precaution for the engine vehicle

Should install the equipment that required humans operation while in

motion
Should include the overhead cover for the driver such as roof or car
cover
Carefully use the engine vehicle designed only for that particular
purpose
Forklift should have the control switch for the minimum and maximum
lifting capability to prevent over lifted and under lifted
Should not use forklift for lifting humans unless the safeguard is
installed with the fork
In case of using engine vehicle that use gasoline in confined space, the
level of carbon monoxide shall not exceed 50 part by million part in
volume within the 8 continuous working hours, and the air should
contain of oxygen not less than 19.5% by volume
In space contained flammable gas and vapor, dust, fiber, and other
substances which can cause ignition, specific designed engine vehicle
should be use

forklift

Hand signal

Material storage
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.
7.

Area
Containers
Piping ,rode
Metal sheet
cylinder
High pressure gas
Particle or dust

The industrial fire hazard prevention and control

1. cause of fire accident in the enterprise

There are four essential
elements of fire that
can cause fire
accident:
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Chain Reaction

2. The fire accidents are mostly cause by

1. Spark

- electrical appliances
/the deterioration of the
electric insulator

2. Smoking or lighting
cigarette

3. The resistance of the

machine or motor

4. Welding and cutting

5. Materials with high
heated surface

6. accumulation of
chemical substances

7. Spark cause by the electro

static discharge and fuel

8. Auto ignite

Chemical Reaction

Cigarette smoking
I dont know.

1. Short circuit
23 %
2. Smoking or lighting cigarette
18 %
3.Friction
10 %
7. Welding and cutting
4%
8. Auto ignite
4%
11. Melting material
2%
12. Electro static discharge
2%
15. others5 %

4. Heated machine
5. Metal surface heated
6. Uncover flame

8%
7%
7%

9. fire from manmade

3%
10. Sparking from machine 3 %
13. Chemical reaction
14. Air contamination

1%
1%

3. Guidelines for fire prevention and protection in

the enterprise
3.1 Electrical equipment: Establish regular maintenances.
3.2 Friction reduction:required regular inspection maintenance and
lubrication.
3.3 Use magnetic or other separators to remove tramp metal.
3.4 Cutting and welding
3.5 Do not use open flames near combustibles.

3. Guidelines for fire prevention and

protection in the enterprise

3.6 Smoking and matches

3.7 Overheated materials
3.8 Static electricity
3.9 Heat generating machine
3.10 Self ignition material

Fire extinguisher and evacuation system

4.1 Reporting system training ( how, when, where )

4.2 Type of extinguisher
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
4.3 Fire fighting team
4.4 Evacuation system

Tools and Fire Extinguisher

- Portable Fire Extinguisher
- Firehose System

Portable Fire Extinguisher

1

water

foam

Dry chemical

CO2

halon

halotron Liquid chemical Dry dust

Fire extinguisher testing

- Water and Foam Type
* To check pressure in the container every 6
months
Accumulation pressure 100 Psi

- Liquid chemical Type

*To check pressure in the container every 6
months
Accumulation pressure 195 Psi

- Carbon Dioxide Gas Type

* To check by weighting every 6
months
If weight lost over 10% refill again

- Dry Chemical Type

* To check pressure in the container every 6 months
Accumulation pressure 195 Psi /
* To check the physical property of chemical
* To check the leakage of gas
* To check the nozzle
* To check the erosion of container

Water System
Fire Pump
* Diesel Type
* Electric Type

Fire Pump

Fire Hose
- Hose rack
* size 11/2 inch for general work
* size 21/2 inch for fire fighter
* length 20 and 30 meters
* made of canvas or synthetic fiber

Fire Hose
- Hose reel
* size 3/4 inch for general work
* length 20 and 30 meters
* made of synthetic rubber

Fire Nozzle
- Straight
* can not adjust type

Fire Nozzle
- Fog type
* can adjust 0 - 120 degree

Water System
Water reservation
Pump and water storage
Connection, line, nozzle

Water reservation
quantity
area size

250 cu.m
>250 cu.m not over 500 cu.m
>500 . Not over 1000 cu.m
>1000 cu.m

quantity

9000 lites
15,000 lites
27,000 lites
36,000 lites

Flammable waste disposal

Suggestion
1. Collect in the close metal container
2. Clean up in the area of flammable waste one time a day
3. Dispose the flammable waste at least every month
4. Flammable waste disposal workers must wearing PPE
when working
5. Ash generated from flammable waste burning must be
kept safely

Fire Alarm System

Heat Detector

Smoke Detector

MANUAL STATION

Fire Alarm
- Control Panel and Manual , Bell
- Noise Level not less than 100 dB A
- Noise Testing at less 1 time / month

Fire Exit

the working environmental hazard

prevention and control

The prevention and control of noise hazard

noise is the unwanted sound or noise pollution

There are 3 types of noise which are

- Continuous noise is noise which remains constant and
stable over a given time period.
- Intermittence noise is intermittent if there is a
mix of relatively quiet periods and noisy.
- Impulsive or impact noise is a very short burst of
noise which lasts for less than one second.

Ministerial Regulation
Standard Requirement for Safety, Occupational and Working Environment
Dealing With Heat, Light and Noise B.E 2549

Noise
Working not over 7 hour a day noise level must not excess to 91 dB(A)
Working over 7 hour a day but not over 8 hour noise level must not excess to 90 dB(A)
Working over 8 hour a day noise level must not excess to 85 dB(A)
Highest noise level must not over 140 dB(A)

The main auditory effects include

- Hearing loss
Temporary hearing loss
Permanent hearing loss
- Health effects
- Safety effects

Cause of hearing loss

intensity
frequency
duration
nature of noise
Nature of individual

Temporary hearing loss

known as temporary threshold shift (TTS) which
occurs immediately after exposure to a high level of
noise.
There is gradual recovery when the affected person
spends time in a quiet place.
Complete recovery may take several hours.

Prevention and control of

noise hazards

SOURCE

PATHWAY

The control of the source or

origin of the noise
Designing of machine uses
Changing work process
Enclosure of noisy machine

Regular maintenance esp. lubricating

RECIVER

The control at path of the noise

Increasing the length of machine and worker

Enclosure or walling or equipped with sound absorption material

Use personal hearing protector

- Ear plug
- Ear muff

The prevention and control of heat hazard

Dry heat

Humid heat

Main Component of Heat

Moisture in the air
Wind speed
Heat radiation
Dressing or clothing

Heat effects on health

Heat cramps

Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke

Heat rashes
Dehydration
Respiratory infection

Increase severity of Illness

Psychological effects

Prevention and control of heat hazard

At Source
Insulation
General ventilation
Specific ventilation

At worker
Proper recruitment
Work safe standard
PPE using
Necessary well being provision

Ministerial Regulation
Heat level standard (WBGT degree celcius)

Light
Moderate
Heavy

34
32
30

The prevention and control of vibration

Vibration effects can be
classified as:

Whole-body vibration

partial part of body

Vibration effects on
health
Health effects on whole-body
vibration
Changes in bone structure
Low back pain
Low blood sugar level
Upper gastrointestinal cramp

Nausea, weight loss, blurry vision,

insomnia, inner ear malfunction

Health effects on hand-arm vibration

Loss in bone calcium and mineral

Changes in tendons, muscles, bones and joints
Joint pains
Vibration-induced white finger (VWF)

Prevention and control of vibration

Use appropriate material or designing technique

Regular machinery maintenance
. Place vibration absorbance material underneath the
machines
Wear special designed shoes and gloves
Use of vibration absorbance material for seating
Limit working hour
medical health check up

The prevention and control of

radiation

Radiation

Electro magnetic wave

Radiation

Type of Radiation
1. Ionizing radiation
2. Non - Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation
alpha
beta
x radiation
gamma
neutron

Non - Ionizing radiation

Low frequency
Infrared radiation
Visible radiation
Ultraviolet radiation

Low frequency

cataracts

testis,
gall bladder,
urinary tubes and
partial gastrointestinal tract.

lungs,

Infrared radiation

skin irritation, burnt, changes

in skin color, etc.
welder's flash

Ultraviolet radiation
skin color change
skin irritation

cataracts

Prevention and control of

radiation
- Control radiation area
- Provision of signs and warnings
- Establish safety working procedure and provide radiation measuring equipment
for employees
- Restrain pregnant women from danger area
- Implement emergency plan for radiation control
- Use of personal protective equipment
- Provide safety training on radiation control
- Set up rules and regulations on radiation control

the chemical hazard

prevention and control

Prevention and control at

source

Uses low toxicity chemical

Changes the work process
Separate the high toxic process
out
Enclosure the work process

Prevent and control at

the path way
Green and clean environment
Ventilation installation
Increase the length of
contact

Chemical concentration
monitoring

Prevention and control at

workers

Training
Working hour reduction
Rotation
Working in control room

Medical check up
PPE using

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

1. Product Data

Trade name
Chemical name
Usage
Producer/Importer

Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS)
2. Chemical Classification
2.1 U. N. Number : 1294
2.2 CAS No. : 108-88-3
2.3 Carcinogent
3. Toxic component

Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS)
Important Data
3. Hazardous Ingredients
Substances CAS No.
108-88-3

Percent Toluene
95

Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS)
4. Physical and Chemical information
5. Explosion and flammable information

Explosion and Flammable informmation

Flash point
Auto ignition Temperature
Ratio of flue and oxygen
Lower Flammable Limit( LFL )
Upper Flammable Limit( UFL)

Flash Point

Flammable liquid flash point lower 100 F

Combustible liquid flash point higher 100 but lower 200 F

Auto-ignition temperature

Turpentine can ignition at 253 C

Ratio of Flue and Oxygen

Acetylene :

LEL = 2.5%
UEL= 100%

Comparison

NGV

LPG

Benzen

Diesel

Status

gas

gas

liquid

liquid

Density

lighter

heavier

heavier

heavier

Flammable limit

5 - 15%

2 - 9.5%

1.4 - 7.6%

0.6 - 7.5%

Auto ignition
temperature

650C

481C

275C

250C

Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS)
6. Health hazard data, First aid
7. Safety measure
8. Special Instruction

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Source of information

Hot Line : 1564 Emergency call ,

Chemical data, Safety Technology Center

http://chemtrack.trf.or.th/
http://medinfo.psu.ac.th/pr/ohweb.htm

Ergonomics
ergo = work

nomous = rules

Ergonomics is the application of scientific information

concerning objects, systems and environment for
human use. Ergonomics is commonly thought of as how
companies design tasks and work areas to maximize the
efficiency and quality of their employees work.

Prevention and control of health hazards

in construction sites

Problem of accident in
construction work
Operation
Work characteristics
Working environment
Work related accident

Prevention and control of health

hazards in construction sites
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Training
Operation Regulation
Define Construction Area
Set up Construction Site signs around
the area
Provide nursing unit
Provide first-aid training to employees
Provide the fire prevention training to
the workers
Assign safety officers
Put up signs, warnings and regulation

Safety measure during

construction
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

PPE wearing
Control and Inspect ladder, scaffold
Use adequate fall arrest equipment
Do not allow uncontrolled
movement of trucks
Check electrical equipment for
safety
Wear adequate clothing and headgear

Personal protective equipment

(PPE)
Head Protection

Suggestion on PPE using

Select proper PPE

Any rule and regulation must be documented

Allow worker to select PPE by themselves
Having sufficient quantity

Having regular maintenance

Having inspection and PPE uses control measure

safety inspection

Benefits or consequences
from safety inspections
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Identify potential hazards

Investigate safety management measures

Create understanding and harmonization

Reduce potential risks and losses
Participation
Increase safety awareness
Evaluation of safety performance
Increase awareness of responsible
person

Procedure of safety
inspection
1. Preparing for an inspection
2. Carrying out an inspection
3. Conclusions, problem ordering and
solutions
4. Monitoring the results
5. Reporting overall results to
management

Safety regulation, safety manual and

safety standard operation procedures

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

( JSA )

Job safety analysis principle

To

identify risks to health and

safety in the workplace, and
documenting the control measures
taken to manage those risks.

Analyzer is the person who know

well about the work process in the
workplace.

Job safety analysis steps

1. Select the job for analysis
2. Set priority of job in each step
3. Hazard identification in each step
4. Set up the safety operation measure

The selection of job to analyse

1. high frequency rate of accident

2. high danger
3. new job
4. new work process
5. ect.

Working step priorities

1) Begin to start when action

Write down the step of work

Should not over 6 steps

Considering the type of accident

Impact with a falling or flying object.

Penetration of sharp objects.
Caught in or between a stationary/moving object.
Falls from an elevated work platform, ladders or stairs.
Excessive lifting, twisting, pushing, pulling, reaching, or bending.
Exposure to vibrating power tools, excessive noise, cold or heat, or
harmful levels of gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, or dusts.
Repetitive motion.
Electrical hazards.
Light (optical) radiation (i.e. welding operations, etc.).

Set up the safety operation measure

1.Safety modification of machine

2. Machine guarding

3. PPE using

4. Working environment improvement

Ventilation system

5. Provide safety training

Benefit of JSA
- Standard
- Training module
- Observation
- Accident investigation

Safety manual making

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Identify draft manual responsibility person.

Safety committee consider and correct it.
Safety committee submit to the management.
Printing
Distributing
Regular up date

Reporting system

Concern person
employee
Chief section safety officers
Executive safety officers
Safety committee member
Health personal
Contact worker

Evaluation

Data needed for evalution

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

Accident cases
Injuries

near miss events

Working environment monitoring data
Medical cost
IFR, ISR, ASI, DII
Safety project

Evaluation out put

1.
2.
3.
4.

Comparing in each year performance

Comparing performance with plan
Comparing performance with target and
indicator
Comparing with other organization

Meeting and follow up

Objectives of meeting
To
2. To
3. To
4. To
1.

inform data
share information
generate common policy
cooperate for action

Factor for conducting and

effective meeting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Participants
Agenda
Meeting place
Audiovisual aid
Meeting duration

Participants
Chair

person
Secretary
Commitee

Follow up
Plan and project
Working result
Role and duties of committee
The assigned work

Follow up result
Work Progress
Work obstacles and problem
Effectiveness and efficiency
Improvement of the procedures