A Green Building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure
that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or re-used in an ecological and resource efficient manner.
Sustainable development is maintaining a delicate balance
between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we & future generations depend
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Objectives of a green building:
Protecting occupant health
Improving employee productivity Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently Reducing overall impact to the environment Optimal environmental and economic performance Satisfying and quality indoor spaces Green Building
Benefits of Green Buildings
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Environmental Benefits
Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption
Economic Benefits
Reduced operating costs
Marketing advantages Increased building valuation Optimizes life-cycle performance cost
Health and Safety Benefits
Enhance occupant comfort and health
Community Benefits
Minimize strain on local infrastructure and improve quality of
life
Green Building
Considerations of a green building:
Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air
quality Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration and managing storm water run-off Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use Provide a high level of individual occupant control of ventilation and lighting systems to support good health, better productivity and a comfortable atmosphere Provide a connection between indoor spaces and outdoor environment through the introduction of sunlight and views into the occupied areas of the building
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Green Building
How to make a building green:
Sustainable site planning with bioclimatic architectural planning
Incorporate solar passive techniques in a building design to minimize load on conventional systems Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system Use low energy and renewable materials Choose construction materials and interior finishes products with zero or low emissions to improve indoor air quality Use dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies Design for a gray water system that recovers rain water for site irrigation and a dual plumbing system for use of recycled water for toilet flushing Use re-circulating systems for centralized hot water distribution
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Green Building
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Building design
Orientation Building insulation (walls of AEC block and roof with over deck insulation and roof lawn)
and high light transmission) Envelope efficiency measures contributed to 12% savings over base case
System design
Energy efficient lighting (CFLs , efficient tubelights and electronic
ballasts) Daylight sensing (90% lighting energy savings) Efficient chillers, Variable air volume systems. Wind towers for pre cooling of fresh air. Lighting efficiency measures contributed to 15% savings over base case and HVAC efficiency measures contributed 20% savings over base case Green Building
I N T R O Lighting systems (CFLs, T-5 fluorescent lamps, LEDs, efficient ballasts, D etc) U C HVAC systems (Properly sized plants, efficient chillers, VAV based air TI O handling systems, economizers, variable speed drives for pumps, N
Use efficient systems and controls
chillers and fans etc.)
Water heating systems (solar assisted water heating systems, efficient boilers etc) Energy management and control system
Green Building
Whole building energy optimization
Daylighting Passive Systems
High Performance Glazing
High Efficiency Water Heating
Building Envelope design
Insulation
Reduced Energy requirements Occupancy Load, Equipment Schedule
Reduced Lighting requirements
High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts, Luminaires
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Controls: Enthalpy control, Economizer, Reheat by Steam
Reduced HVAC requirements
Sensors, Controls
High Efficiency AHUs, FCUs High Efficiency Pumps High Efficiency Cooling Towers
High Efficiency Chillers
Green Building
Passive Systems (CFD,Suntect etc)
Whole building energy optimization
Daylighting (Adeline) High Performance Glazing (Window 5.0)
Controls: Enthalpy control, Economizer, Reheat by Steam
HVAC requirements
Lumen Designer
HAP 4.05 High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts, Luminaires
Sensors, Controls
High Efficiency AHUs, FCUs High Efficiency Pumps High Efficiency Cooling Towers
High Efficiency Chillers
Green Building
Architectural design/Site planning
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Lighting design
Whole design HVAC design
Water system design
Energy management and
control design
Green Building
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Architectural design & Site planning
Green Building
Bioclimatic architectural principles
Orientation Thermal mass Surface to volume ratio Positioning of windows , shading Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation Landscaping
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Buildings in hot climate
Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall
insulation Lower surface to volume, Lighter finishes, Water as landscape element
Buildings in cold climate
Large windows to capture sun
Thermal mass to store heat Minimum Shading Insulated walls and windows Darker finishes Well protected north Green Building
Effect of orientation on cooling load
North south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%
Effect of efficient materials
Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23
Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio 7%)
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Use onsite sources and sinks
Day lighting Earth cooling Natural Ventilation (night cooling)
Earth cooling
Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space cooling and heating techniques for about 8 months a year
Green Building
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Lighting Design
Green Building
The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparent
media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural sunlight provides effective internal illumination.
Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high
performance glazings limit associated solar gains. Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces. Daylighting strategies can have synergies with other energy efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation. Minimize site lighting where possible Full cutoff-luminaries Low-reflectance surfaces Low-angle spotlights
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Green Building
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Water System design
Green Building
Landscaping & Water use reduction
Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over a theoretical baseline design for the specific region. Successful Strategies:
which produce free electrons when exposed to light resulting in power generation. Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use. Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment. 23 kW solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building
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Green Building
Photovoltaic Applications Shading Elements
Flat Roofs
Facades
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Roof Top Atria & Skylight
Green Building
Sustainability at Site
Replace asphalt with concrete where possible
Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks. Consolidate parking into a parking garage Bioswales Filtration basins (filters) Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds Vegetated filter strips Pervious paving Vegetated/Garden Roofs Energy Star rated roofing systems High reflectivity coatings
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Green Building
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Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
Green Building
The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation &
Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working inside the building with conditioned air . "Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odor-free, and the temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are within certain comfort ranges
Systems may be clustered at a central location and
serve an entire campus of buildings
Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of
the building
Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your
climate.
Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating
system for your climate
Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly.
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Green Building
Replace CFC-based refrigerant.
Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative cooling in dryer climates. Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, and bio-gas energy technologies Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building Automation Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points. Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation. Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system design automation. Consider adjustable underfloor air diffusers, or thermostat controlled VAV boxes. Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window
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Green Building
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standards which outline air quality for indoor comfort conditions that are acceptable to 80% or more of a commercial building's occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort conditions, sometimes called the "comfort zone," are between 68 degrees F and 75 degrees F for winter and 73 degrees F to 79 degrees F during the summer. Both these temperature ranges are for room air at approximately 50% relative humidity and moving at velocity of 30 feet per minute or slower
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Green Building
Renewable energy systems
Optimize energy performance
Use of integrated building and system design process
yields a savings of up to 50-60% over conventionally designed buildings. Efficiency measures typically payback in 1-3 year time
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Green Building
Composite Commercial Building in 2020
Solid state lighting integrated into hybrid solar daylighting systems Smart windows Photovoltaic roof shingles, walls, and awnings Solar heating and superinsulation Combined heat and power-gas turbines and fuel cells Intelligent building systems
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Green Building
Commercial Buildings
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End uses requiring the greatest energy are lighting, space
heating, space cooling, and office equipment. Primary Energy Consumption, 2002
High-efficiency office lighting
Absorption-based chillers and heat pumps
Source: Table A5. Residential Sector Key Indicators and Consumption, Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 2004
