SUPPLY, DEMAND, PRODUCT MARKET

AND CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR THEORY

2.1 The Demand Function and Curve
2.2 The Demand Curves Shift
2.3 The Supply Function and Curve
2.4 The Supply Curve Shift
2.5 Market Equilibrium
2.6 Consumer Behavior Theory
Marginal Utility, Indifference Curve,
PCC, ICC, Substitution Effect and Income
Effect
2.7 Relation Between Demand and Consumer
Behavior

THE DEMAND FUNCTION AND CURVE

The demand Function
Qdx = f (Px, I, Py, T, N, )
Qdx = f (Px) ceteris paribus
where: Qdx = Quantity demand of x
Px = Price of x
I = Average Income
Py = Price of y as a related goods
T = Preference (taste)
N = Size of the market
= Special influence
Hukum Permintaan ( The Law of Demand )
Semakin rendah harga barang/jasa, maka jumlah
permintaan terhadap barang/jasa tersebut semakin
meningkat.

Skedul dan Kurva Permintaan

Permintaan Pasar Ditentukan oleh

Jumlah Permintaan Individual

Pergerakan Sepanjang Kurva Permintaan

karena Perubahan Harga Barang

Pergeseran Kurva Permintaan karena

Perubahan Pendapatan atau Harga Barang Lain

Pergeseran Kurva Pemintaan

ke Kiri atau ke Kanan
Variabel

Kurva Permintaan
Bergeser ke kiri bila

Kurva Permintaan
Bergeser ke kanan bila

Pendapatan (I)
Barang Normal
Barang Inferior

I turun
I naik

I naik
I turun

Selera (T)

T turun

T naik

Harga Barang Lain (Py)

Barang substitusi (Ps)
Barang komplementer (Pk)

Ps turun
Pk naik

Ps naik
Pk turun

N turun

N naik

Jumlah Pelanggan (N)

The Supply Function and Curve

The Supply Function
Qds = f (Px, Pi, Tg, G, Pr, )
Qds = f (Px) ceteris paribus
Where: Qds = supply quantity of x
Px = price of x
Pi = price of input
Tg = Technology
G = Government Policy (Tx & S)
Pr = Price of related goods
= special influence
The Law of Supply :

Pergeseran Kurva Penawaran

ke Kiri atau ke Kanan
Variabel

Kurva Penawaran
Geser ke kiri bila

Kurva Penawaran Geser

ke kanan bila

Kebijakan Pemerintah
Pajak (Tx)
Subsidi pd produsen
(S)

Tx naik
S turun

Tx turun
S naik

Harga input/ biaya (Pi)

Pi naik

Pi turun

Harga Barang Lain (Py)

Barang substitusi (Ps)
Barang komplementer (Pk)

Ps turun
Pk naik

Ps naik
Pk turun

Tingkat Teknologi (Tg)

Tg turun

Tg naik

The Effect on Price and Quantity of

Different Demand and Supply Shifts
Demand and Supply Shift
If demand rises
If demands falls

If supply rises
If supply falls

Effect on Price and

Quantity

The demand curves shifts to the

right, and
The demand curves shifts to the
left, and

Price
Quantity
Price
Quantity

The supply curves shifts to the

right, and
The supply curves shifts to the
left, and

Price
Quantity
Price
Quantity

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR THEORIES

Menjelaskan prilaku konsumen dalam mengalokasikan
sumber daya ekonominya, dengan tujuan mencapai kepuasan
maksimum
Cardinal and Ordinal Theory

Asumsi-asumsi:
- makin banyak konsumsi terhadap barang, makin
bermanfaat
- Ukuran manfaat adalah Utility
- The Law of Diminishing Utility (Gossen Law)
- minimal ada dua sikap tentang preferensi, lebih suka
(prefer) atau sama-sama disukai (indifference)
- Perfect knowledge

Cardinal
Theory

Ordinal
Theory

Cardinal Theory