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What is Culture?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bspFbFytRiM
Cultural sensitivity
Cultural
sensitivity:
International
managers can
an awareness benefit from
understanding
of and an
the nature,
dimensions and
honest caring
variables of a
about another
specific culture
individuals
and how these
culture
affect work and
organizational
processes.
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distance.
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Alternative
Function
Affected
Individual
influences future
Life is
preordained
Planning,
scheduling
The environment
is changeable
People adjust to
the environment
Morale,
productivity
Motivation,
rewards
Employment can
be ended
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MAL PHI MEX IND FRA ITA JPN SPA ARG US GER UK DEN ISR AUT
Uncertainty Avoidance
High
Low
GRE JPN POR KOR ARA GER AUL CAN US UK IND DEN SIN
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FRA
GER SPA
JPN MEX
ITA KOR
SIN
Masculinity
Assertive/Materialistic
Relational
Long-term/Short-term Orientation
High
CHI
AFR
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Low
HK JPN
TAI
US CAN
UK
E/W
Hofstedesfour
fourdimensions
dimension
Hofstedes
Work-Related Values for 20 Countries
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Hofstedes
fifthdimension
dimension
Hofstedes
fifth
Hofstede later expanded added a fifth
dimension
the U.S. and Canada scored low
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijpbhile6aY
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Hofstede
Right?
Was Was
Hofstede
Right?
Hofstedes work has been criticized for
several reasons
made the assumption there is a one-to-one
Trompenaarsseven
sevendimensions
dimensions
Trompenaars
Trompenaars used data involving 15,000
Trompenaars Dimensions
Obligation
High
Low
Universalistic
Particularistic
US
GER SWE UK ITA
JPN SPA SIN
FRA
CHI
Trompenaars Dimensions
Privacy in Relationship
High
Low
Specific
Diffuse
UK US
FRA
GER
SPA
CHI
Low
Personal
Society
Switzerland
High: Greece, Austria,
Germany
Italy
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Future
Orientation
High: Netherlands,
Switzerland, Singapore
Humane
Orientation
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Cultural Cluster
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Germany
Wapeace and
harmony
A mix of authoritarian
and humanism in the
workplace
Emphasis on
participative
management,
consensus, and duty
Open expression and
conflict discouraged
order, privacy
Dislike of inefficiency
and tardiness
Assertive, but not
aggressive
Organizations are
centralized but still
favor consensus
decision making
cultural change
as countries become economically stronger, cultural
collectivism to individualism
globalization also brings cultural change
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Next week
Presentations from Group 4&5
Lecture: the cross cultural
communication environment
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