SynapseIndia Fundamentals of Dotnet

Development Plateforms

C# is a language that was developed by Microsoft

specifically targeted for the .NET platform.

C# Features

No pointers
Automatic memory management
Completely object-oriented
Supports interface-based programming

Both implementation inheritance and interface

inheritance supported

Support for overloaded operators

Support for aspect-based (attribute-based)
programming
Can only produce managed-code

Lets try a simple program.

Create a Working Directory

mkdir k:\week1\hello
Copy corvars.bat
copy
c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio.NET
\FrameworkSDK\bin\corvars.bat
k:\week1\hello\corvars.bat
Set up environment, run covars.bat

Cd k:\week1\hello
Type corvars.bat <hit return>
4

Open notepad, create the following file and

save it in the k:\week1\hello directory as
hello.cs.
class Hello
{
static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
}
}
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Compile the program

k:\week1\hello>csc Hello.cs

Run the program

K:\week1\hello>Hello.exe
K:\week1\hello> Hello World

C#.NET Language Basics

Types in C#

Defining integer types

A Bit About Strings

Reading From and Writing To The Console

If Then Statement

Looping The For Next Statement

Primitive Types

C# Type

.NET Framework type

bool

System.Boolean

byte

System.Byte

sbyte

System.Sbyte

char

System.Char

decimal

System.Decimal

double

System.Double

float

System.Single
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Primitive Types (contd.)

int

System.Int32

uint

System.UInt32

long

System.Int64

ulong

System.UInt64

object

System.Object

short

System.Int16

ushort

System.UInt16

string

System.String
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A word on types

All types in .NET derive from System.Object

They are provided implementations of ToString() and
GetType()
To get a string with the type of any variable, you can
call <var>.GetType()
Whenever you call Console.WriteLine(obj) the
ToString() method on obj is implicitly called. The
default ToString implementation for classes simply
returns the name of the class.
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What Are Integers

0, 432, -5, 10000000, -10000000
Integers are whole numbers
Integer variables are stored as signed 32-bit
(4-byte) integers ranging in value from 2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647.
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Defining Integers
int i;
int i, j, k;
int i = 12;
j = i; j is now equal to 12
i = 15;
k = i + j; k is equal to 27
To write an Integer, convert it to a String using:
k.ToString();

13

A Bit About Strings

14

What are strings?

abcdef Abcdef aBcdEf A23+-/*789 q
John J. Smith
How do you do?
123 South Street, Calais, ME 04235
Are we there?
an empty string

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How do we define strings?

string strTmp;
strTmp = time will tell;
string strTmp = time will tell;
strTmp = Console.ReadLine();

string strTmp2;
strTmp2 = strTmp;
strTmp2 time will tell
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Concatenating Strings
string strCity = Calais;
string strState = ME;
string strZip = 04270;
string strLoc;
strLoc = strCity + , + strState + + strZip;
strLoc Calais, ME 04270
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Some String Functions

string strTmp;
strTmp.Trim(); removes leading and trailing spaces
strTmp.ToUpper(); converts string to all upper case
strTmp.ToLower(); converts string to all lower case
strTmp.Length; returns string length as an integer
strTmp.SubString() extracts a substring
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String Function Examples

string strTmp = Hello World
strTmp.Trim();
strTmp Hello World

string strTmp = Hello World;

strTmp.ToLower(); hello world
strTmp.ToUpper(); HELLO WORLD

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String.Length Function
string strTmp;
strTmp = in the beginning;
The value of strTmp.Length is 16.
int i;
i = strTmp.Length;
The value of i is 16.
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String.SubString() Function
String.Substring(startIndex , length );

Parameters (are Integers)

startIndex Where the substring starts.
startIndex is zero-based.
length The number of characters in the

substring.

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Substring Examples
string strTmp;
strTmp = around the world;
strTmp.Substring(0,6); around
strTmp.Substring(11,5); world
strTmp.Substring(0,strTmp.Length);
around the world
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Writing to the Console

Console.WriteLine(String); write with line return
Console.WriteLine(Hi There)
C:\>Hi There
C:\>
Console.Write(String); write with no line return
Console.Write(Hi There)
C:\>Hi There
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Reading from the Console

Console.ReadLine(); returns a string
string tmp;
Console.Write(What is your name? );
tmp = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(Hi + tmp);
C:\>What is your name? Chip
C:\>Hi Chip
C:\>

24

if Statement

if (some condition is true)

{
do something in here,
using one or more lines of code
}

25

What is difference between = and ==?

= is for assignment of value
String tmpString = Hello world;
int i = 12;

== is for equivalence
if (str1 == str2) { some code }
if (str.Length == 0) { some code }
if (str1 != end) { some code }

26

Sample if Statement
string strInput ;
strInput = Console.ReadLine();
if (strInput == )
{
Console.WriteLine(Input required.);
}

27

The For Loop

28

A Simple For Loop

int i;
for (i = 1; i<10; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("The value of i is " + i.ToString());
}
The Value of i is 1
The Value of i is 2
The Value of i is 3

The Value of i is 9
The Value of i is 10

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Or You Could Reverse It

int i;
for (i = 10; i>0; i--)
{
Console.WriteLine("The value of i is " + i.ToString());
}
The Value of i is 10
The Value of i is 9
The Value of i is 8

The Value of i is 2
The Value of i is 1

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To Walk Through a String

string tmp = hello world;
for (int k = 0; k< tmp.Length-1;k++)
{
Console.WriteLine(tmp.Substring(k,1));
}

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To Walk Through a String Backward

string tmp = "hello world";
for (int k =tmp.Length-1;k>-1;k--)
{
Console.WriteLine(tmp.Substring(k,1));
}

32

What About?
What If We Want To Enter More Data?

What If No String Is Entered?

What If The Entered String Is Too Long?

How Do We Know When We Are Done?

33

What If We Want To Enter More Data?

Labels
A Label is Defined with a Colon ReturnHere:
goto Statements
goto Statements Direct Program Flow To A Label
goto ReturnHere;
GoTo Statements are Evil and High Risk!!!
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What If No String Is Entered?

Checking for a zero length string.

if (tmpStr.Length == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine(No String Entered);
goto ReturnHere;
}
Note: You could also check for tmpStr ==

35

What If The Entered String Is Too Long?

Lets only work with strings up to 10 characters
if (strTmp.Length > 10)
{
strTmp = strTmp.SubString(0,10);
}

36

How Do We Know When We Are Done?

Lets check for the string end to end the program
if (strTmp == end)
{
return;
}
Note: return tells the program to exit the subroutine, which in this
case will end the program.

37

Comments in C#

Both /* */ and // can be used for comments.

VS provides comment/uncomment selections.

Use the menu bar, or Ctrl-K Ctrl-C for comment and CtrlK Ctrl-U for uncomment

38

39

Now lets redo hello.cs as a

Visual Studio project.

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Visual Studio.NET

The newest version of Visual Studio

Multiple language development finally in one
environment.
Can program in

Visual C#
Visual Basic.NET
Visual C++.NET

Can build

Desktop console and GUI applications

Web services
ASP.NET Web applications
Mobile applications

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To get Visual Studio.NET

You need to purchase either:

An MSDN subscription
A copy of Visual Studio.NET

Academic editions are available (in or through the

bookstore ?)

42

Visual Studio.NET

Start up Visual Studio.NET

Open a new project by either:

In Visual C# Projects, create a Console

Application
Implement the Main() method

Clicking on the New Project button on the Start Page

OR
File-> New-> Project from the Menu Bar

Notice you now have IntelliSense

Add the Console.WriteLine line of code.

Compile using the Build menu.
Run using the Debug menu

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Your code should look like this

using System;
namespace HelloVS
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for App.
/// </summary>
class App
{
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
}
}
}

44

Class Exercise (time permitting)

Using the Visual Studio.NET write an interactive console
program to accept information from the keyboard and
then format and display the information back. It might be
a persons name and address or a variable list of favorite
pets including name and type of animal or whatever.
Focus on formatting the data, looping to accept multiple
entries, testing for missing information and also testing
for an at end condition. A sample, somewhat simplified
example is in the Class Collections zip file on the web
(i.e. www.PondviewSoftware.com).
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46

Homework Part 1
Send Me An Email ChipSchopp@comcast.net, include the
following:
1.
Full Name, Nick Name, Student ID #
2.
Home Phone / Work Phone
3.
Email Address (s) [email gives me one]
4.
Your background in computing/programming
5.
Any experience with .NET, other courses, ?
6.
Your objective or goals for this course
7.
Any material you have a special interest in covering?
8.
Any issues or questions that you have?
9.
Which additional dates you would attend classes on.
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Homework Part 2

C#.Net Programming
Homework Assignment Week 1
Assignment Due: November 13, 2003 5:30 PM

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Write a C#.NET Console Application, which

performs the following:
Accepts a first name string, a middle name string, and a last name string from
the console. The first name and last name are required. The middle name is
optional.
2.
Concatenates the two or three fields together creating a full name string.
3.
Truncates the full name to 20 characters if the length of the full name is
longer than 20 characters.
4.
Provides the capability of displaying the full name either vertically or
horizontally and forward or backward as desired.
5.
Allows the full name field to be displayed in either of these four ways as
many times as desired.
6.
Allows the user to go back to the top and start over, entering a new name.
7.
Terminates gracefully.
Note:
There was enough information discussed in todays class to complete this
assignment. Feel free to use any additional commands, structures, or
49
functions you wish.
1.

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