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Temprature : Units
Les chelles de temprature sont dfinies par rapport deux
points : les points de fusion et dbullition de leau.
C
( Celsius )
Fusion
Ebullition
0 C
100 C
K
( Kelvin )
273,15 K
373,15 K
K C 273,15
C
5
F 32
9
F
( Farenheit )
32 F
212 F
Echelle de rfrence
Principes de mesure
Thermocouple : principe
Effet de Seebeck
La jonction de deux matriaux de nature diffrente, porte une certaine temprature,
gnre lautre extrmit des matriaux une tension proportionnelle la temprature
Cu
T1
T0 V
Ex: 100C
T1 = Soudure chaude.
T0 = Soudure froide.
Cu-Ni (Constantan)
Effet Peltier
Dans la jonction de deux conducteurs lectriques diffrents, le passage de courant
provoque un dgagement ou une absorption de chaleur dpendant de la valeur du
courant et du sens dans lequel il parcourt la jonction.
Tc : Relation T / mV
mV
y mV
0 mV
T ( C)
0C
xC
Basic theory
TC Thermometers
Basic theory
TC Thermometers
Diffrents types de Tc
Basic theory
TC Thermometers
TOLERANCE (C)
6C
4C
2C
CLASS 1
0C
-2C
-4C
-6C
-8C
0C
275C
293C
TEMPERATURE (C)
1000C
TC : interchangeabilit
TC : table
T1
T0
150C
mV
20C
Cu-Ni
(Constantan)
a
T1
T0
0C
A : mv fournit par le TC
B : mV correspondant la T ambiante
C : mV corespondants T1
50 C
Fe
T1
V
-
Cu-Ni
(Constantan)
Cu
50 C
+
J2
V
-
J3
J2 = Cte
J3 = Cte
V = ( T1 )
T1
Fe
T1
V
-
Cu-Ni
(Constantan)
Cu-Ni
(Constantan)
TC Thermometers
Building blocks
MEASURING JUNCTION
INSULATION
PROTECTING SHEATH
Couple chemis
Tc : Jonctions
Building blocks
TC Thermometers
EXTERNAL TERMINALS
The inset
PROTECTIVE SHEATH
TC METALS
INSULATION
MEASURING JUNCTION
Canne thermomtrique
Tte
Elment de raccord
Couple chemis
Building blocks
TC Thermometers
The insulated
thermocouples
Building blocks
TC Thermometers
The process connections
Conn. head Form A
Protecting/
Fixing tube
Adjustable
Fitting
Internal
tube
(ceramic)
Insulation
(ceramic)
Heat resistant
steel or ceramic
Ceramic
Pt 100
Pt = Platine
100 = 100 0C.
Cofficient de T
= ( R100 - R0 ) / ( 100. R0 )
Pt 100 :
relation
T /
rsistance
Basic theory
RTD Thermometers
Tolerance
TOLERANCE (C)
CLASS A
TEMPERATURE (C)
Pt100 : Tolrances
RT = Rt + RL1 + RL2
RL1 et RL2 impliquent une erreur
+
Pt 100
Rt
RL1
Et si T = 100C Rt=138,5
RL2
RT=138,5 + 1 =139,5
102,5 C
Soit une erreur de 2,5 %
Ra
V
Rc
A
B
C
Rt
Ra
Rb
Rc
Rd
Pt 100
Basic theory
RTD Thermometers
Platinum - measuring
resistance
Platinum
wire
Spiral
platinum
wire in
ceramic
powder
Ceramic
Glass
Platinum
thin film
Platinum
tape
coiling
Glass
Thin film
Pt100 :
construction
Building blocks
RTD Thermometers
The Inset:the protecting sheath
protects from shocks and humidity
allows the insertion in the process
insulation prevents short circuits
Pt100
CONNECTING WIRES
INSULATION
PROTECTING SHEATH
Building blocks
RTD Thermometers
The Inset:
the protecting sheath
BASIC PRICE / m
13 DM
CONNECTING WIRES
CERAMIC INSULATION
FIBERGLASS insulation
- General purpose
- Limited bendable
- Low insulation
- Low cost
10 DM
M.I. INSULATION
CERAMIC insulation
- General purpose
- Not bendable
- Medium insulation
- Low cost
CONNECTING WIRES
Design
RTD Thermometers
Design
CAP
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTION
TO THE MEASURING
INSTRUMENT
THERMOMETER
CONNECTION
Building blocks
RTD Thermometers
The Inset:
the electrical connections
TO THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT
WASHER WITH
TRANSMITTER
MOUNTED
WASHER WITH
FLYING LEADS
TERMINAL BOARD
DIN B dimensions
SAME DIAMETER
Building blocks
RTD Thermometers
The Inset:
EXTERNAL TERMINALS
WASHER
PROTECTIVE SHEATH
TERMINAL
BOARD
The ceramic block can not
be added or separated in field.
The complete inset can be
substituted, not the single
construction element.
INSULATION
SENSING ELEMENT
Sonde
Design
RTD Thermometers
The protecting tube (Thermowell)
T
Doigts de
gants
T
exemple de
doigt de
gant
Temps de rponse
Temps de
rponse
dun Tc
Comparaison
Tc Pt 100