ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

Course No. 5

Conf. Ph. D. Eng. LIGIA PETRESCU

22-Dec-14

7 THREADS
The concept of the screw thread seems to have occurred first to Archimedes, the third-century B.C.
mathematician, who wrote briefly on spirals and invented or designed several simple devices applying
the screw principle.
By the first century B.C. the screw was a familiar element, but was crudely cut from wood or filed by hand
on metal shaft.
Leonardo da Vinci understood the screw principle, and he has left sketches showing how to cut screw
threads by machine.
In 1569 the screw-cutting lathe was invented by the Frenchman Besson, but the method did not take hold,
and for another century and a half, nuts and bolts continued to be made largely by hand.
Side
Crest

7.1 THREADS REPRESENTATION

AND DIMENSIONING

Root

1.
2.
3.

to hold parts together;

to adjust parts with reference
to each other;
to transmit power.

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Pitch

Fig. 7. 1

Depth

There three basic applications are:

Major dia.

Minor dia.

Threads are vital to the industrial life.

7.3 TIPES OF THREADS

p/2

55

p/2

60

METRIC

WHITWORTH

29

SQUARE

p/2

p/2

ACME

BUTTRESS

KNUCKLE

Fig. 7. 2

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There are some conventions for threads representation on drawings:

the line of the crest is drawn with heavy continuous line;
the line of the root is drawn with thin continuous line and in side view, only of a circle,
rotated from axes;
the finish line of the thread is heavy in view and dashed line in section;
the thread always begin by a chamfer, generally at 45o;
thread
the
neck and the recess are included in the thread length;
External
vanish
External
vanish
thread
Internal
vanish
thread
External
vanish
thread
Internal
vanish
thread
External vanish
thread
the
thread's vanish is not included in the thread length.
Internal vanish thread
Internal vanish thread
Internal vanish
vanish thread
Internal
thread

Externalvanish
vanishthread
thread
External

External
thread
withwith
neckneck
External
thread
External thread with neck
Externalthread
threadwith
withneck
neck
External

Internal
thread
withwith
recess
Internal
thread
recess
Internalthread
threadwith
withrecess
recess
Internal
Internal thread
thread with
Internal
with recess
recess

External
thread greate
neckneck
External
greate
Externalthread
thread- greate
neck
External thread greate neck
External thread greate neck

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Internal
thread
ininain
blind
hole
Internal
thread
ablind
blind
hole
Internal
thread
hole
Internal
thread
inaablind
hole
Internal thread in a blind hole
Internal thread in a blind hole

Fig. 7. 3

FLANGES
76
48
32(hole)

Machine part elements, which make possible the joining of two objects:
pipes, pumps, engines, etc.
Elements of definition:

- Form

- circular (rounded)
- square
- oval

- rectangular

4holes12
45

- triangular
-2 3 4 6 - 8 holes for bolts (located on a circle
or, if they are 2, to a given distance)

12

- A central hole which is part of a pipe

- Depth
100

STEPS in a flange construction (drawing)

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1.

Decision: How many projection will be drawn?

2.

The axes for all revolution surfaces in all

projections (dash dot thin line)

3.

If they are more then 2 holes, the circle on

which holes centers are (dash dot thin line)

4.

Radial axes for all holes (dash dot thin line)

5.

The holes contour, circles or generatrix (thick line)

6.

The others form elements of the flange (thick line).

5

CIRCULAR FLANGES

The section pass by two bolts' holes

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The section does not pass by bolts' holes

SQUARE FLANGES

The section pass by two bolts' holes

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The section does not pass by bolts' holes

TRIANGLE FLANGES

The section pass by a bolts hole

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OVAL FLANGES

The section pass by two bolts' holes

HOME WORK HW- 05: THREADS AND FLAGES

1.

Represent the types of threads from Fig. 7.3

2. Represent the most used flanges on the reverse face of the paper (like they are on the next slide;
the blue lines are not necesarly, they explane the way to think and work).

External vanish thread

External vanish thread

Internal vanish thread

Internal vanish thread

External vanish thread

Internal vanish thread

External vanish thread

Internal vanish thread

External vanish thread

External vanish thread

Internal vanish thread

Internal vanish thread

External thread with neck

External thread with neck

Internal thread with recess

Internal thread with recess

External thread with neck

External thread with neck

Internal thread with recess

Internal thread with recess

External thread with neck

External thread with neck

Internal thread with recess

Internal thread with recess

External thread greate neck
Internal thread in a blind hole

External thread greate neck

Internal thread in a blind hole
External thread greate neck

Internal thread in a blind hole

External thread greate neck

External thread greate neck

Internal thread in a blind hole

Internal thread in a blind hole

External thread - greate neck

Internal thread in a blind hole

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FLANGES

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10

LAB. 05 THREADS AND FLANGES APPLICATION

Represent in three projections ([V] section, [H] view, [L] view),
scale 1:1 and dimension the next part:

c
d

a). Internal vanish thread, M24, l=32, c=2x45o;

b). external thread with neck, M28, l=16, c=2x45o, n=2;
c). circular flange, e=100, c=76, h=12, h=16;
d). intersection cylinder 16 cylinder 20.
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4
3
5

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