ATOMS

contain

Nucleus
(inside)

Protons
(+) charge

Neutrons
(no charge)

Electron cloud
(outside)

Electrons
(-) charge

There are about 115 different

types of atoms in the universe.

How can just 115 atoms make up

the millions of types of matter in the
universe?
Well, think of the alphabet

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

With the 26 letters of the alphabet:

You can make thousands and thousands
of words. The letters combine to form
words.
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

cat

The same is true of the 115 atoms.

These atoms can combine to form
molecules and compounds. Millions of
different types of matter.

For example: a sodium atom

And chlorine atom combine
To make salt

Lets take a look at the periodic

table.
There are about 115 elements on the
periodic table. Each elements atoms are
very unique to that element.

Each element is ordered by atomic number

Atomic number tells you how ma

Protons are in that atom

Atoms are so small their mass

cannot be calculated in grams.
So, smaller units must be used instead.
These units are called atomic mass units.

Mass of subatomic particles

Atomic mass unit

1 proton = 1 atomic mass unit

1 neutron= 1 atomic mass unit

Electrons are considered too

Small to have any mass

Mass number
The mass of the atom
is mainly found in the
nucleus of the atom.

Finding the mass number

It has 3 protons. So the atomic
Number is 3 which is the element
Lithium on the P.T.
It also has 3 neutrons. Do the math
3 + 3= 6

So, the mass number is 6. It would be called

Lithium-6

Find the mass number of:

It has one proton, so the
Element on the periodic
Table with one proton is
Hydrogen. It also has one
Neutron.
So, 1 + 1= 2 So the mass
Number is 2. This would be
Hydrogen-2 atom.

What would be the mass number

of:
4 protons tells me that it has
An atomic number of 4. This is
Beryllium on the P.T.
There are also 4 neutrons.

Yeah, 8
This is beryllium-8

How many protons and neutrons

would carbon-12 atom have?

I know that all carbon atoms have 6 protons!

I also know that all carbon-12 has a total of 12

particles in the nucleus: so
6 protons + ____ neutrons= 12
Right 6 neutrons. So carbon-12 has 6 protons
and 6 neutrons.

How many protons and neutrons in

boron-11
I know that boron on the periodic table is
atomic number 5. So, it has 5 protons.
So, to figure out the number of neutrons
just do the math.
5 protons + ____ neutrons = 11
So there are 5 protons and 6 neutrons in a
boron-11 atom.

Isotopes
Hydrogen-1

Isotopes are atoms of

the same element
that have different
numbers of neutrons
which affect the mass
number.

They are all isotopes of

Hydrogen.

Hydrogen-2

Hydrogen-3

Isotopes of carbon.
They all have 6 protons
Because they are
carbon

This
One
Has
6
neutrons

This one
Has 7 neutrons.

This one has

8 neutrons.

So isotopes are:
Atoms of the same
element with different
numbers of

neutrons