Transactional,

Transformational, and
Charismatic Leadership
Conger & Kanungo (1987)
Kuhnert & Lewis (1987)
Judge & Piccolo (2004)

Agenda 7/6/05
Questions, Comments, and Concerns?
Organization and Societal Leadership

Transactional Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Charismatic Leadership

Break

TRP 8
Concluding Remarks

Questions,
Comments, or
Concerns?
When Can Leaders Be Effectively
Substituted?

Contact Information

Foster College of Business

Bradley University
arwheeler@bradley.edu

Turn in SAP 8

Please Pass to the Aisle and then

Pass Forward
Thanks

Organizational and Societal

Theories of Leadership
Seek Broad Explanation of Leader and

Follower Behavior

Inclusive of Leader and Follower

Characteristics
Inclusive of Situational and Organizational
Constraints

Best of the Old and New

Great Man Plus Organizational

Influences

Transactional Leadership
Originally Included in Transformational

Leadership (Bass, 1985)

Back to Behavior Modification and Skinner
Transactional Leader Behaviors:

Contingent Reward Behavior

Management by Exception
Active Management by Exception
Laissez-Faire

Combined Positive Empirical Support,

Especially Contingent Reward

Transformational Leadership
Bass (1985)
Defined by Leaders

Leader Behaviors:

Effect on Followers:

Trust, Admiration,
Loyalty, Respect, and
Motivation

Leader Transforms

Followers:

Awareness of
Importance of
Outcomes
Transcend SelfInterests
Activate Higher Order
Needs

Idealized Influence
(Charisma)
Individualized
Consideration
Inspirational Motivation
Intellectual Stimulation

Charisma is Necessary

but not Sufficient

Bound by Organizational
Culture
Moderate Empirical
Support

Shaping Culture through

Transformational Leadership
Leaders Act as Change

Agents to Develop
Organizational Culture
Primary Mechanisms

Focus Attention
React to Crisis
Act as Role Model
Allocate Resources
Establish Hire/Fire
Criteria

Secondary Mechanisms

Design Systems and

Policies
Design Organizational
Structure
Design Facilities
Stories, Legends, and
Myths
Formal Statements

The Founding Father

Effect

Charismatic Leadership
Charisma = Divinely Inspired Gift
Unclear Interaction between Leader

Attributes, Follower Perceptions, and

Situational Constraints
Pro-Social or Pro-Self Charismatic
Leaders

Desire to Serve Self-Interests over the

Establishment of Achievement Oriented
Cultures

Charismatic Leader Influence

Leader Characteristics

High nPow and Self

Esteem
Strong Positive
Impression
Management
Articulate Ideological
Vision
Role Models
Communicate High
Expectations
Arouse Motivation

Follower Attributions

Non Status Quo Vision

Unconventional
Methods
Self-Sacrificing
Confident and
Assured
Rational Persuasion
and Inspirational
Appeals

Flash in the Pan

Charismatic Leaders
are Change Agents at
Pivotal Moments

Break

20 Minute Break

TRP 8

Concluding Remarks
What Does it Take to Be a Leader?
Does Leadership Matter?
Do Organizations Want or Need

Leaders?
What Kinds of Leaders Are Needed?