Artifact

cancellation
and
Artifact processing
nonparametric
spectral
Artifact cancellation
Nonparametric
spectral analysis
analysis

Outline
Artifact

processing
Artifact cancellation
Nonparametric spectral analysis

Introduction
Artifact

processing

Rejectioncancellation
Rejection main alternative
one would hope to retain data

Cancellation requirements
clinical information
no new artifacts
spike detectors

Additive/multiplicative model
Artifact reduction using linear filtering

Artifact cancellation
Using

linearly combined reference signals

Adaptive artfact cancellation using linearly
combined reference signals
Using filtered reference signals

Linearly combined reference

signals

Eye movements &

blinks

several referene
signals
positioning
additive model
EOG linearly
trasferred to EEG
weights

In detail
Uncorrelated

Mean

square error
Minimization, differentation
Spatial correlation, cross correlation

fixed over time

zero gradient

Estimation

blinks, eye-movements at onset

In detail 2
Number

of reference signals
Only EOG cancelled
ECG
Rejection used a lot (in MEG)

expect when lots of blinks (ssp)

Adaptive version
Time-varying

changes
Tracking of slow changes
Adaptive algorithm

LMS
weight(s) function of time
optimal solution changes with time

method of steepest descent

negative error gradient vector

In detail

Parameter selection

time
noise

Expectation

instantaneous value
zero setting
performance
estimation
fluctuation of weights

Filtered reference signals

EOG

potentials exhibit frequency

dependence

in trasfer to EEG sensor through tissue

blinks and eye movements

Improved

cancellation with transfer

function replacement

spatial and temporal information

v0 estimation
FIR (lengths)

Details

Stationary processes

Second order characterisrics

Correlation information fixed

Details 2
No

a priori information

can be implemented, modified error

Also

adaptive version exists

a priori impulse responses calculated at

calibration

Nonparametric spectral analysis

Richer

characterization of background
activity that with 1D histograms
EEG rhythms
Correlate signals with sines and cosines
When?

Gaussian stationary signals

Stationary estimatation

Normal spontaneous waking activity

Nonparametric 2
Fourier-based

no modeling assumptions

Spectral

power spectrum analysis

parameters

interpretation

Fourier-based power spectrum

analysis
Power

spectrum characterized by
correlation function (stationary)

If ergodic, approximate with time average

estimator (negative lags)
combination called periodogram
equals squared magnitude of DFT

Fourier considerations
Periodogram

biased

window dependent (convolution)

smearing (main lobe)
leakage (side lobes)
synchronized rhythm better described by power in
frequency band

variance periogoram
does not approach zero with sample increase

consistency

Periodogram
Windowing

and averaging

leakage & periodogram variance reduction

Windows

from rectangular to smaller sidelobes

wider main lobe, spectral resolution

Variance

reduction

nonoverlapping segments, averaging

resolution decrease, trade-off
combinations, degree of overlap

And then what...

Spectral parametrs
Resulting

power spectrum often not

readilty interpreted

Condensed into compact set of parameters

feature extraction
parameters describing prominent features of the
spectrum

peaks, frequencies

general usage

Spectral choices
Visual

inspection

format selection
assessing represantiveness

Scaling

scope of the analysis

Parameters
Power

in frequency bands
Peak frequency
Spectral slope
Hjort descriptors
Spectral purity index

Power in frequency bands

Fixed/statistical

alpha, beta, theta etc.

from data

Ratio

bands

of, absolute power

comparison, nonphysiological factors

Peak frequency
Frequency,

amplitude, width
ad hoc methods for determining peaks
more than just maximum

median, mean

Spectral slope
EEG

activity made of 2 component

rhythmic, unstructured

Based

on decay of high frequency

components

one parameters approximation

least squares error

Quantifcation

of EEG
Preconditioning of power estimate

Hjort descriptors

Spectral moments

H0 (activity)
H1 (mobility)
H2 (complexity)

Signal power,
dominant frequency,
bandwidth
Effectively in time
domain
Clinically useful

Spectral purity index (SPI)

Heuristic

Reflects

signal bandwidth (H2)

How well signal is described by a single
frequency

noise susceptibility

Summary
Artifact

cancellation

reference signals
linear combinations, filtering
adaptive version(s)

Spectral

parameters

nonparametric
no modelling

parametric
interpretation