Rate of reaction

Exercises

Exercise 1
a) Below is a list of six different reactions.
A- Rusting of iron nails
B- Fermentation of starch and glucose
C- A small piece of iron is added to excess dilute
hydrochloric acid
D- A piece of newspaper turns yellow when exposed
to hot sun
E- A piece of sodium is added into water
F- Barium nitrate solution is added to sodium suphate
solution.

i.

From the list above, state which are fast and

slow reaction
Fast reaction: C, E, F
Slow reaction: A, B, D
ii. 0.2 g of sodium is added to water. The sodium
reacted completely in about 10 seconds.
Calculate the average rate of reaction.
Average rate of reaction
= 0.2 g
10 s
= 0.02 g s-1

b) Small pieces of metals are added into five

beakers containing 100 cm3 of water
respectively. The volume of hydrogen gas is
collected in the first two minutes. The results are
recorded in the table below.
Metal

Volume of hydrogen (cm3 )

Aluminium

Barium
Magnesium
Potassium

60
2
90

Calcium

25

i.

Calculate the average rate of reaction in

the first 2 minutes for the reaction of water
with a) barium and b) calcium.
Average rate of reaction for
a) Barium:
= 60 cm3
(2 x 60)s
= 0.50 cm3 s-1
b) Calcium:
= 25 cm3
(2 x 60 )s
= 0.21 cm3 s-1

ii. Arrange the reactivity of the metals in descending

order based on the results in the table.
Potassium, Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium

reactivity decreases

Exercise 2
An experiment is carried out to determine the
rate of reaction of 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid with excess calcium
carbonate. The results are shown below.
Time/s

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

150

165

Volume
of CO2/
cm3

0.00

10.0
0

16.0
0

22.00

27.0
0

31.5
0

36.0
0

39.5
0

42.0
0

44.0
0

44.00

44.0
0

a) i. write a chemical equation for the following

reaction.
CaCO3 + 2 HCl
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
b) State the observable and measurable
changes in the experiment.
increase in volume of carbon dioxide/
decrease in mass of calcium carbonate
c) State the meaning of the rate of reaction for
the above reaction.
Change in volume of carbon dioxide gas in
one second/ change in mass of calcium
carbonate in one second

d) Draw an apparatus set up to measure rate of

reaction in the reaction.
e) From the graph, determine
i) the average rate of reaction in the first minute.
= 27 cm3
60 s
= 0.45 cm3s-1
ii) the average rate of reaction in the second
minute
= (42-27) cm3
(120 -60)s
= 0.25 cm3s-1

iii. The time when the reaction has completed

= 135 s
iv. the average rate of reaction for overall
reaction
= 44cm3
135 s
= 0.326 cm3s-1
v. The rate of reaction at 30 seconds
= 0.405 cm3s-1 +/- 0.1 cm3s-1
vi. The rate of reaction at 105 seconds
= 0.217 cm3s-1

Exercise 3
a) Define the term
i. Frequency of collision
The number of collisions per second
occurring between the particles of the
reactants
ii. Effective collision
The collisi0n which achieves a minimum
amount of energy which is called activation
energy and with the correct orientation
which will result in a reaction.

b) Draw an energy profile diagram to show the

activation energy for the exothermic reaction
between zinc and dilute sulphuric acid.
c) The chemical reaction below represents the
reaction between hot magnesium and
steam
Mg (s) + H2O (g)
MgO(s) + H2 (g)
The two exp. Is carried out
Exp I
Exp II

Steam is passed over 2 g of a heated

magnesium ribbon in a combustion tube
Steam is passed over 2 g of a heated
magnesium powder in a combustion
tube

i.

From the two exp. above, which one shows

the faster reaction?
Experiment II
ii. Explain your answer in (i) based on collision
theory.
1. 2 g of magnesium powder in Exp II has a total
larger surface area compared to 2 g of
magnesium ribbon in Exp I.
2. The frequency of collision between the steam
molecules and magnesium atoms at the surface of
magnesium powder in Exp II is higher than in Exp I.
3. The rate of reaction in Exp II is higher than in Exp I

bye..bye.bye