FACULTATEA DE MECANICA SI TEHNOLOGIE

TEHNOLOGIA CONSTRUCTIILOR DE MASINI

Nanotechnology

Student:Ursu Constantin Grupa 1.2.1

Cadrul didactic coordonator:Prof.univ. Dr. Ing. Marioara Abrudeanu

What is Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of
matter on an atomic and molecular scale
from 1 to 100 nanometers.

Nanotechnology may be able to create many

new materials and devices with a vast range
of applications,such as
medicine,electronics,biomaterials,energy
production and consumer products

Richard Feynman(1918-1988)
The celebrated physicist and
Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman is
perhaps the first person who saw
the potential of working at
nanoscale,He said that scientist will
be able to manipulate atoms and
molecules as they want,but he did
not have the tools to make it
reality.

Nanotechnology is used in many areas

Information
Technology

Biotechnology

Mechanical
Engineering
Eng. & /
Robotics

Transportation

Advance
Materials &
Textiles

NANOTECHNOLOGY

National
Security &
Defense

Energy &
Environment
Aerospace

Medicine
/
Health

Food and
Agriculture

Carbon nanotubes

Fig. 1. Single-walled carbon

nanotubes. (a) Schematic diagram
of a single-walled carbon
nanotube .
In the second picture is showed
the transmission electron
micrograph of a single-walled
carbon nanotube, showing aligned
clusters of nanotubes
(nanoropes).

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are in essence a single sheet of

graphite (graphene), wrapped into a tube with 1.5 nm in diameter.CNTs have
been extensively employed in many applications ranging from electrodes for
fuel cells , batteries and solar cells. Individual CNTs have demonstrated
exceptional mechanical strength,excellent thermal conductivity and superior
electrical conductivities,

Nanotechnology in medicine

Nanoparticles are
also used to stop
massive blood loss
and nano-silver
crystals are
already used as
anti-microbial
agents for the
treatment of
wounds .

Nanoparticles detecting and atacking diseased cancer cells

For instance,
multicomponent nanoscale
particles are being
developed for cancer
treatment that will have
the ability to attach to
diseased cells, enable their
position to be tracked,
destroy the cell while
leaving surrounding tissue
intact when signalled to do
so.

Nanotechnology in cars,aviation and space

Using CNTs, researchers plan to build a space elevator
a transportation system that extends from the Earths
surface into space via a cable of length between
40,000 and 96,000 km . In space, the cable will be
attached to a counterweight. The idea of building a
space elevator was presented in a 1960 article
by Yuri N. Artsutanov. It is believed that the
technology that will eventually make this visionary idea
possible is the use of CNTs, one of the most resistant
materials known to humans. The main purpose of the
space elevator is to reduce the cost of
shipping (launching) materials to the low earth orbit.

Nanotechnologies will play a major role in

the car industry improving lighter but
stronger materials (for better fuel
consumption),engine efficiency
(catalysts,fuel additives and smart
materials for self-repair.

Saving the environment.

Using nanoparticles in medicine.

The term nanotechnology

itself refers to the ability to
measure, manipulate and
organize matter at the atomic
level. Nanotechnology can be
applied to many different areas
of science and technology, such
as electronics,
telecommunications, medicine,
environmental protection. It
can be applied also to various
engineering fields, such as
biomedical engineering,
industrial engineering,
electronics engineering,
telecommunications
engineering, energy
engineering, and computer
engineering.

Solving water problems in South

Africa.

Innovative technology

All materials you see around us, from a grain of sand to the largest
galaxies, are formed by atoms. we can consider that the basic unit for building a
house is a brick, several bricks form a house. Following this line of thought, we can
consider the atom as the basic unit of construction of all that is around us. Thus, we
can say that atoms are the basis of all life as we know it.

So,if Nanotechnology is the science that can organise atoms and

molecules one by one,we can just imagine how many amazing things can be made with
this amazing technology.

FIGURE 1.1 Different atoms aligned in a 1 nm long ruler: 3.5 gold atoms, 4 iron atoms, and
6.67 nitrogen atoms.

Multiple sections of a gold cube

The nanoscale materials tend to have unique characteristics different from the same
material when considered on a large scale. Even properties such as melting point and
dielectric constant, considered as specific properties, may change when the particles
reach nanometric size. This change in the fundamental properties with the variation
of particle size is known as the size effect.

Implementing Nanotechnology Solutions to Water Issues in Africa

Africa is the most water-stressed continent in the world and it has

already been predicted that there will be a water crisis by 2025 on
the continent.The implementation of nanotechnology in the
improvement of water quality will generally be based on a study that
was carried out in South Africa .The researchers used nanostructured
membranes whose pore sizes were less than two nanometers. They
tested a nanomembrane technology unit for the removal of nitrate,
chloride, fluoride, sulphate, calcium, and magnesium ion pollutants
from groundwater, and monitored rural consumer knowledge and
attitude to water purification

Two famous scientists successfully

implemented a nanomembrane
brackish groundwater treatment
project in the North West
Province of South Africa at
Madibogo village.

Summary

The term nanotechnology may be a passing fad, but our ability to

manipulate matter at the smallest scales will continue to improve, leading to
increasingly sophisticated materials and devices that are engineered at the
nanoscale. This will continue to open up exciting new possibilities for technologies
that can change and improve our lives and the world in which we live. But the
same benefits will inevitably bring with them new risks that need to be
identified and managed.