Cooling system

Introduction
It performs functions such as removing excess heat from
the engine, maintaining efficient temperature.
If the heat is not removed from the cylinder walls pre
ignition of charge may occur.
Lubricating oil may burn.
Damage cylinder wall.
Excessive cooling may result in
Lower thermal efficiency.
Vaporization of fuel is less.
Lower viscosity of oil results in higher piston resistance.

Types
Air cooling.
Air cooling system is feasible for only small vehicles and
equipment, as air-cooled engines do not operate at consistent
temperature

Liquid cooling.
The liquid-cooling system for automobiles offers the most
positive cooling and it maintains an optimum engine
temperature.

Air cooling
Current of air flow continuously over the metal surface
from where the heat is to be removed.
Heat dissipated depends on
Surface area of metal into contact with air.
Mass flow rate of air.
Temperature difference between the heated surface
and air.
Conductivity of metal.

Types of baffles

Advantages.

Lighter absence of radiator.

Operate in extreme climates.
Maintenance is easy.
Gets warmer up earlier.
Used in areas where scarcity of water.

Disadvantages.
Not easy to maintain even temperature.
Coefficient of heat transfer of air is less.
Fan used is bulky and consumes about 5 % of the
engine power.
They are noisy because of absence of cooling water,
which acts as sound insulator.
Cooling fins may vibrate.

Water cooling
Thermosyphon system.

Pump circulation system.

Components of water cooling system

Radiator.
Pressure cap and expansion reservoir.

Thermostat.
Pump.
Fan.

Radiator
Used to provide close contact of the hot coolant coming
out of the engine with outside air.
Radiator consist of
Upper tank.
Lower tank.
Core.

Material for radiator

Should posses resistance to corrosion, higher thermal efficiency.

Copper and brass.
Aluminium,
Radiators having plastic tanks with Aluminium cores.

 Tubular type- coolant flows through the tubes and air

passes around them.
Cellular type- air passes through the tube and coolant
flows in the space in between them.
Tubes are made from 0.1 to 0.3 mm sheets and fins are
made from about 0.1 mm thick material.

Pressure cap.

 Advantages: The engine can operate at higher temperature without

boiling the coolant. As the rate of heat transfer from
the cooling system to the atmosphere depends on the
difference between coolant temperature and
atmospheric temperature, this will result in additional
heat transfer to the atmosphere.
Engine can operate at higher temperatures so that
thermal efficiency can b improved.
Loss of coolant due to evaporation or surging is
prevented.
At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is low
which causes the coolant to boil at a lower
temperature.

Expansion Reservoir.

 In modern vehicles instead of overflow pipe, an expansion

reservoir is provided.
It receives excess coolant as the engine temperature increases.
When the cooling water cools down, Its volume decreases and
the coolant from the reservoir returns to the radiator keeping
the system full of coolant.
Advantages are : There is no loss of coolant due to overflow on account of expansion.
As air does not enter the cooling system,corrosion of the cooling
jackets and passages can be reduced.
Relatively small upper tank may be used with the radiator.

Thermostat.
Bellows or aneroid type.
Consist metallic bellows completely filled with
some volatile liquids like acetone,alcohol or
ether which boils between 70-85 o

Wax or Hydrostatic type.

Coolant Pump.

Coolant Fan.