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Inverse of a Matrix
Solving simultaneous equations
Todays Goals
To be able to find the inverse of a Matrix A ~ A
To use this for solving simultaneous equations
Recap
The identity Matrix is the equivalent of the number
1 in matrix form
1 0 1 2
1 2
0 1 3 4 2 4
1 2 1 0
1 2
3 4 0 1 2 4
inverse matrix
Definition of Inverse
The inverse is Defined as
AA-1 = A-1A = I
1 2 ? ?
1 0
3 4 ? ? 0 0
? ? 1 2
1 0
? ? 3 4 0 0
We will find out how to calculate the inverse for 2x2 matrix
But first why is it important ?
a12 x1
.
a 22 x 2
b1
b2
inverse matrix
Ax b
A Ax A b
And we can then know the values of X because
A A I
x A b
1
inverse matrix
Recap Multiplication
2
4 3 2 =
1
0 1
6
6
1
5
3 2
2
7 3
6
2
5
1
4
8+ 3+ 12
-12+0+ 6
12+ 9
2+ 6
10+ 21
24+10
inverse matrix
4+8
23
-6
21
8
31
34
12
23
31
21
Ex A =
1 3
then A-1 =
0.75 2
0.25 1
as AxA-1 = I
8 8 1 0
4 8 0.75 2 3 2
inverse matrix
a b
c d
d b
c a
d b
c a
1 d b
c
a
ad cb
inverse matrix
A
1 3
Step 2 Swap Elements on leading diagonal
3 8
step2
1
4
3 8
step3
4
1
step4
1 3 8
4
4 1
check
0.75 2
1
A
0
.
25
1
AA
inverse matrix
4 8 0.75 2
1 3 0.25 1
8 8
3 2
1 0
0 1
0
.
75
0
.
75
10
A
1 5
1 5 6 1.25 1.5
A
4 1 2 0.25 0.5
5 20
B
1 2
1 2 20 0.2 2
B
10 1 5 0.1 0.5
2 2
C
0 1
1 1 2 0.5 1
C
2 0 1
2 0
1
inverse matrix
11
3 2
C
2 1
1 3 4 1.5
A
2 1 2 0.5
1 2 10 0.1
B1
20 1 5 0.05
1 1 2 1
1
C
1 2 3 2
8 2
D
1 0
1 0 2 0 1
D
2 1 8 0.5 4
2
A
1
5
B
1
3
10
2 8
E
1 4
1 0
F
0 1
1
0.5
0.25
2
1 1 0 1 0
self inverting
F
1 0 1 0 1
1
inverse matrix
12
Applications of matrices
Because matrices are clever storage systems for
numbers there are a large and diverse number of
ways we can apply them.
Matrices are used in to solve equations on
computers
- solving equations
13
Example
Peter and Jane spend 240 altogether and Peter spends 3 times as
much as Jane.
let p: what Peter spends and j: what Jane spends
then p + j = 240
p=3j
rewrite p-3j = 0
14
x y
x 3y
240
1 1 x1 240
1 3 x 2 0
constants
from the
left hand
side
UNKNOWNS
X ~ x1
Y ~ x2
inverse matrix
constants
from the
right hand
side
15
1 1 x1 240
Format is Ax=B
1 3 x 2 0
To solve this using the matrix we must get rid of it by using its
inverse!
1
1 1
1 3 1 0.75 0.25
4 1 1 0.25 0.25
1 3
x
0
.
25
0
.
25
1
3
0
.
25
0
.
25
0
x
0
1
0
.
25
0
.
25
0
x1 180
x 2 60
So Answer is p = 180 j = 60
inverse matrix
16
Summary of method
1.
2.
3.
4.
ax + by = m
cx + dy = n
a b x m
c d y n
1 d b
ad bc c a
c d
x
1 d b m
y ad bc c a n
inverse matrix
17
3x +4y = 5
5x = 7-6y
x+7y = 1.24
3y -x = 0.76
8x = 3y -1
x+y =-7
3 4 x 5
5 6 y 7
Answer x = -1 y = 2
x 1 6 4 5 1 30 28 1 2 1
y 2 5 3 7 2 25 21 2 4 2
1 7 x 1.24
1 3 y 0.76
8 3 x 1
1 1 y 7
Answer x = -2 y = -5
x 1 1 3 1 1 1 21 1 22 2
y 11 1 8 7 11 1 56 11 55 5
inverse matrix
18