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10-September-2013
Chapter Outcomes
At the end of the chapter the student should be
able to:
Define in general terms what is a sensor,
Define and understand the terms used to describe
the static performance characteristics of sensors,
Determine some of the performance
characteristics of a sensor based on its datasheet,
Categorize sensor applications.
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Facts on Sensors
World sensor markets (non-military): US$ 61 billion (Exp
2010)
Pressure sensor market: ~ US$ 4 billion (Y 2005)
Automotive sensor market: ~ US$ 6.2 billion (Y 2005)
MEMS devices market: ~ US$ 5.6 billion (Y 2005)
Big players of the sensor industry:
Chemical industry (Largest nb of sensors)
Automotive industry (Luxury cars have more than 100
sensors)
Military industry (largest research budget)
Medical industry (biosensors)
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Bandwidth:
Range of input signal frequency that can be detected by the
sensor in unit of Hertz.
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Comparison
Controller
Aircraft
Output:
Real
Altitude H
SENSOR
Measured altitude
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Example: Sensitivity
Consider a thermocouple with the following input/output relationship:
V = c0 + c1T + c2T2
where V, in volt, is the output voltage from the thermocouple and
T, in kelvin, the measured temperature. The coefficients c0, c1, and
c2 are specific to the thermocouple.
Determine the sensitivity S of this sensor.
S
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= dV / dT
= c1 + 2c2T
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Example: Sensitivity
Consider two sensors with the following input/output graph:
Output
Sensor 2
Sensor 1
DO2
DO1
DI
Input
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Example: Accuracy
Consider a thermometer, with an accuracy of 2oC, used to
measure the room temperature.
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Calculation Slide
Sensitivity: 312 mV/g for an input acceleration of 1 g, the output is
equal to 312mV
If the input acceleration is 2g, the output voltage of the accelerometer is
2x312=624mV
If the voltage reading is =1V, What is the input acceleration?
A=1/.312=3.2g=3.2x9.81ms-2
Dynamic Range:
[-2g;+2g]
Accuracy:
Usually difficult to evaluate a priori
Non linearity:
0.2% of Full Scale (FS). =0.2x4g/100=0.008g
Bandwidth:
From 0 Hz to 5000 Hz
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