Mathematics (T)

Term 1 2014
Coursework 954/4
Name

: Mathan Raj a/l Chandran

Class

: PUB 1

I/C No

: 960206-01-7501

Quinine was the first treatment for malaria and is still used today
to treat some cases of the disease.Malaria is a mosquito borne
infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by
parasatic protozoans.
When a patient is given a dosage of quinine,the body metabolizes
most of the quinine.Therefore,the risk of overdose is
there.Overdose of quinine would be hazardous to patient.Body
weight is one of the factor that determines the amount of dosage
to give.The concentration of quinine in the body dependent to
either quantity of quinine in mg or body weight.A range of
quinine dosage will be given based on body weight.The dosage
must not exceed or be less from the range in order the drug to
achieve effective safe treatment.

Let n = number of days

Qn = quantity of quinine in the body per day after the dosage
At first day Q1 , the patient is given 50.0000 mg dose of quinine.For every 24
hours ,75% of quinine in the body is metabolized.Hence,there is remaining
25% of quinine in body after 24 hours.
At second day Q2, the patient consumed 50 mg.The sum of quantity of
quinine in the patient on second day can be calculated by Q2= (0.2550)+50
.Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6 and Q7 can also be calculated by the same method.Hence the
data is tabulated.
From the result above, a graph of Qn versus n can plotted on graph paper. A
convergent graph is obtained. The quantity of quinine in the body converges
to 66.7 mg after Q5.
From the graph above, a suitable formula to calculate the amount of quinine
in body weight after every dosage can be determined, based on the quantity
of quinine that taken by patient:

Results
Q1
Q2
Q3

50.000 mg
[(0.25x50)+50]+50= 62.5000 mg
0.25[(0.25x50)+50]+50= 65.6250 mg

Q4

0.25[(0.252x50)+(0.25x50)+50]+50= 66.4063 mg

Q5

0.25[(0.253x50)+(0.252x50)+(0.25x50)+50]+50=
66.6016 mg
0.25[(0.254x50)+(0.253x50)+(0.252x50)+(0.25x50)+50]+50=
66.6504 mg
0.25[(0.255x50)+(0.254x50)+(0.253x50)+(0.252x50)+
(0.25x50)+50]+50= 66.6626 mg
0.25[(0.256x50)+(0.255x50)+(0.254x50)+(0.253x50)+
(0.252x50)+(0.25x50)+50]+50= 66.6657 mg

Q6
Q7
Q8

From the result obtained,a suitable formula to determine the

amount of quinine in body right after every dosage can be
determined,based on the quantity of quinine taken by patient.
Q1 = 50
Q2 = ( 0.2550 ) +50
Q3 = 0.25 [ (0.2550) +50] +50
= ( 0.25250 + 0.2550 ) +50
Q4 = 0.25 [ (0.25250 + 0.2550) +50 ] +50
= ( 0.25350 + 0.25250 + 0.2550 ) +50
Qn = ar n-1 + ... + ar 3 + ar 2 + ar + a
A geometric series is formed, formula Sn =
can used to
produced a general formula for this question where a=50 and
r=0.25.

To determine the quantities of quinine in body

whether the presciption is effective and safe (
between range in 0.40 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg ),
firstly calculate the quantity of quinine in the
body weight before and after every dose. Then,
divide this result, Qn before and after the
dosage with the 2 different body weight of
patient, that is 35 kg and 65 kg. All the data is
recorded on a table ( On Result Page ).
Explaination for 2 patient about the effective
and safety is shown ( On Result Page ).
Lastly,I based on my body weight, estimate
the range of dosage for every 24 hours such
that the presciption is effective and safe.

Quantity of quinine in the body (mg)

DA
Y

BEFORE

AFTER

50.0000

0.25(50.0000)=12.5000

62.5000

0.25(62.5000)=15.6250

65.6250

0.25(65.6250)=16.4063

66.4063

0.25(66.4063)=16.6016

66.6016

0.25(66.6016)=16.6504

66.6504

0.25(66.6504)=16.6626

66.6626

0.25(66.6626)=16.6657

66.6657

0.25(66.6657)=16.6664

66.6664

10

0.25(66.6664)=16.6666

66.6666

0.25(Quinine quantity from previous day)

(1-0.25n)

Concentration of quinine
(mg/kg) for w=35kg

DAY, n

BEFORE

AFTER

1.4286

0.3576

1.7857

0.4464

1.8750

0.4688

1.8973

0.4743

1.9029

0.4757

1.9043

0.4761

1.9046

0.4762

1.9047

0.4762

1.9048

10

0.4762

1.9048

The patient is safe but the effective treatment only works after second dose of
injection.This is because the concentrationof quinine before the second dose is less
than 0.4 mg/kg.

Concentration of quinine
(mg/kg) for w=60kg
DAY , n

BEFORE

AFTER

0.8333

0.2083

1.0417

0.2604

1.0938

0.2734

1.1068

0.2767

1.1100

0.2775

1.1108

0.2777

1.1110

0.2778

1.1111

0.2778

1.1111

10

0.2778

1.1111

The patient is safe but the treatment is not effective at all because the quinine
concentration before each dose is less than 0.4 mg/kg

Concentration = dosage/weight

Weight

= 70 kg

For safe

= 2.0 x 70
= 140 mg

For Effective

= 0.4 x70
= 28 mg

RANGE = 28 mg < dosage < 120 mg

Mathematic plays an important role in our life .Geometric

series exist in our daily life.In this case the factor that
involves is our body weight.
Based on this assingnment,quinine quantity,Qn ,increase as
day,n,increase,but it converges to 6.67 mg after Q5.
Qn =
(1-0.25n) is general formula for this question.
For patient with 35 kg,50 mg dose of quinine is safe but only
effective after second dose injection.Then,for patient with 60
kg,the treatment is safe but not effective at all.
For my body weight,70 kg,the dosage range is
28 mg <dosage < 120 mg