Terminal Operation

Presented ByAnkit Verma

Sandeep Khanchi
Shivam Kumar
P. Sriram
Manoj Meena

Why Terminal
Refined Products from refinery cant be directly sent to the
customer
Terminal/Depot acts as an intermediate storage location
Have special facilities for receipt, storage and delivery of
petroleum products

Functions
Receipt
Storage
Distribution
Of

Petroleum Oils
Operations - TNSO

Overview
Pipeline,
Railway Siding,
Tank Truck

Storage Tanks

Pump House

Dispatch

Tank Lorry
Filling

Receipt Operation
Pipeline

Tank Wagon

Tank truck

Pipeline Receipt Operation

Product
Settling,

Decision of
Tank,
Joint Gauging
and Sampling,
Handover Tank

Line through,

Joint Sampling,

Receiving

Product Batch
Formation,
Decision of
batch
formation

Interface management

Interface Product

Tank to which interface is

taken

MS- SKO

MS Tank

SKO- HSD

HSD Tank

SKO-ATF

SKO Tank

Tank Wagon Receipt

Tank Wagon Receipt Operation

Rake Placement,
Checking
Documents, Seal
Check, Sampling
and Gauging

Unloading Sheet
Preparation,
Nominate tank
Pump House,
starts Unloading
Product

Ensure Tank
Wagon
Emptiness, Shut
down Valves,
Disconnect
Coupling, Pump
Shutdown, Rake
Dispatch

Tank Receipt Operation

Types of Tank
Underground Tanks
Semi-buried Tanks
Vertical Tanks
1. Cone roof tanks
2. Floating roof tanks

MS tanks are Floating Roof Tank and HSD, SKO, LDO tanks
are Cone Roof Tank.

Tank Fittings for Cone Roof Tanks

Datum Plate
Radar gauge
Wind girder
Centre Sump
Inlet/Outlet Lines
Pressure Relief lines
Step Ladder
Vents
Safety Railings

Floating Roof Tank

Floating Roof Tank(Contd.)

Floating Roof Tank Fittings

Rim vents
Rolling ladder
Guide Bazooka ( Prevent roof rotating)
Rim Seal
Roof water drain
Adjustable legs
Emergency Drain
Spiral staircase
Wind Girders ( maintain roundness in wind loads)
Auto bleeder vents

Floating Roof Tank Fittings

Various Pipelines at Bottom of a

Tank
Churning Line

Expansion Line

Delivery and Receipt

from TW

Expansion Line

Tank
Receipt Pipeline

Water Drain Pipe

Fire water pipeline

Valve Operation Sequence

Line Valve
Hammer Blind
Body Valve

19

Radar Level Gauging

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Product level
Product quantity
Flow rate
High high level alarm
Low low level alarm
Product temperature

Radar Gauge working on Ullage

principle
RADAR
GAUGE

MRTD

21

Supply and Distribution

Dealer /
consumer send
SMS

SAP SERVER

CHECK FOR LICENCES ,

BALANCE Etc.

CONFIRMATION
MESSAGE TO DEALER
INVOICE
GENERATION

TANK
TRUCK
FILLING

SAP GENERATES
ORDER NUMBER

FAN GENERATION AND

PROXIMITY CARD ALLOCATION

PLANNING FOR TT

Tank Lorry Filling Shed Operation

SWITCH OFF ENGINE

WOODEN CHOKES AT
FRONT AND REAR
PLACE 10 KG DCP
AT MARKED PLACE

CHECK TT IN LEVEL

APPLY HAND BRAKE

CUT-OFF VTS

CUT-OFF BATTERY

PROPER EARTHING

OPEN MANHOLE
COVER

Fuel Delivery in TLF

Quality Control
receipt
pipeline
Tank wagon
storage
sampling

delivery
Tank trucks

Type of the Samples

Top sample
Upper Sample
Middle Sample
Lower Sample
Bottom Sample
All Level Sample
Composite Sample

Water Drain off Line Sample

Quality Monitoring
Test

Product

Frequency

Density & Flash Point (Top

Sample)

SKO ( in case of no fresh

receipt )

7 days

Copper Strip Corrosion

HSD

15 days

Monthly Monitoring

All (in case of no fresh

receipt)

30 days

Copper & Silver Strip corrosion

ATF

30 days

Recertification

All (dormant )

6 , 9 months

Full Specification

All (dormant)

1 year

Micro-biological (bottom
sample)

ATF

1 year

Daily Monitoring

All
SKO

ATF

Density &
Temperature

Flash Point

Test F

Quality Control Lab

Batch Formation Test (After product receipt from pipeline)
Density (Hydrometer & ASTM chart), Temp., Appearance,
S&W, Distillation test, ROE, Copper strip corrosion, Sulphur
test, RON (in MS)

Sulphide Test (Fortnightly - for water in tank)

MDG (Marketing Division Guideline)
Three tier sampling (RO sample, TT sample, TLF retention
sample)
Smoke Point Test, KV Test, Pour Point Test

Test

MS

HSD

SKO

Appearance
Colour

(blue dye)

Density @ 15C

Flash Point
Kinematic Viscosity
Smoke Point
Pour Point
Distillation
Cetane Index
Existent Gum
Copper Corrosion
Sulphur
Lead PPB
RON

(@ 100C)

Safety
Fire Fighting
Equipments

Fire Pump
House

Safety
Fittings

Personal
Protective
Equipment

Behavior
Based
Safety

Safety at Tank Farm Area

Hydrant and Foam Monitor; Water Sprinklers
Dyke Wall (containment); Hydrant Points around dyke
wall
DCP Fire Ex
AFFF; Foam Sprinkler Valve(Foam pourer)
Remote Operated Valves
Emergency Shut Down switch
It Turns on the hooter; MOVs are closed; Batch
Controller is switched off; Exit Gates are opened; Pumps
are switched off

Wind Sock

Safety Fittings of TT

Exhaust & spark arrestor

PV valve ,fusible links
10 Kg DCP FE, 1 Kg DCP/CO2 FE, Hose Pipe
Bonding wire, First Aid Box, Fire Screen
Double pole wiring, Master switch, Hand Brakes
Shut off valves , master shut off valve , ABS

Hazardous product Information display

Safety in TLF Operation

2 DCPs are kept besides TTs in TLF bay

TTs body is properly earthed.
Emergency shutdown switch is provided in TLF.
All equipments are flameproof
Hydrant points & foam monitors on both sides of TLF
(AFFF & ATC)
Earth pits for TLF structure earthling.

Personal Protective Equipment

Safety Shoe

Helmet

Gloves

Ear
Plugs/Muffs

Goggles

Fire
Proximity
Suit

Harness

Fire Fighting Equipments

Fire
Water
System
and
Foam
system

Fire Ex:
CO2 and
DCP type
(10 Kg, 25
Kg, 70
Kg)

Communication
System: WalkieTalkie, Manual
Fire Siren, Fire
Alarm

Other
Equipment:
Air Cylinder,
SCABA

Portable
Equipment:
Fire Trolley,
Trolley
Mounted
Foam
Monitor,
Nozzles

Behavioral Based Safety

Recommendation of M B Lal
Committee
MB Lal committee made 118 recommendation to be
implemented at Oil installations.
Engineering

Ministry

Operation

OISD

Procurement

Policy

Training

Recommendation of M B Lal
Committee
Push buttons on the MOV should be brought just outside
the dyke.
Push button operation should be modified so that action
required for opening is different than action required for
closing (e.g. pull type and push type).
A technical group should study the feasibility of providing
a limit switch on the hammer blind with interlocking for
MOV operation.
Emergency procedures should be written and available to
all personnel in the installation outlining the actions to be
taken by each during a major incident.

Recommendation of M B Lal
committee(contd.)
Site specific, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should
be prepared which not only give what the procedures are, but
also why they are needed. These must be made with the
involvement of procedure users and approved by the
operations and safety team.
Any bad practice of HOV being opened first before opening of
hammer blind should be done away with and conveyed
throughout the organization.
The dyke volume has been revised to 110% of largest tank in
certain international standards. This should be reviewed by
OISD for tank terminals and refinery tankage

Recommendation of M B Lal
committee(contd.)
Avoid hammer blind as an equipment in the plant design. Only a
closed system design should be adopted. It is understood that
other OMCs/MNCs are already using such designs in their
installations. Using a Plug valve or a Ball Valve in place of the
Hammer Blind should be an acceptable option.
The Tank Farm Management system(TFMS) should be upgraded
and integrated with SAP and provision for recording of all critical
events in SAP as well as TFMS (such as critical valves position,
start/stop of pumps, levels in tanks, alarms etc).

Statutory Requirements
Factory License
Explosives License
Consent & Registration for Air Prevention &
Control of Pollution Act, 1981
Consent & Registration for Water - Prevention &
Control of Pollution Act, 1974
OISD
Standing Orders
Contract Labour (Prevention & Abolition) Act
1970
Payment of Wages Act
ESI/ PF Acts
Operations - TNSO

43

Statutory Requirements
Chief Electrical Inspectors approval for Electrical
System
Approval for DG operation
Central Electrical Authority Inspection Approval
Earthing Certificate
Potability Test Certificate for drinking water
Accident Records
Safety Committee Meetings
Disaster Management Plan
Electrical Safety Audit
Mutual Aid Scheme
Risk Analysis
Operations - TNSO

44