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Gear Train.
Combination of two
or more gears when
they made to mesh
each other to
transmit power
from one shaft to
another.

Types of Gear Train.

Simple Gear Train
Compound Gear
Train
Riveted Gear train
Epicycle Gear
Train

Simple Gear Train

When there is only
one gear on each
shaft.

Why we use idler gear ?

The only function of
the idler gear is to
change the direction of
rotation.
It has no affect on the
gear ratio.

Module
t=Number of teeth on the gear
D=Pitch circle diameter,
N=speed in rpm
m=module=D/t
Module must be same for all gears
otherwise they would not mesh.

DC
DA
DB
m=
=
=
tA
tB
tC
D A = m tA ;

DB = m tB

and

DC = m tC

= angular velocity.
D
v = linear velocity on the circle. v = = r
2

The velocity v of any point on the circle must be the

same for all the gears, otherwise they would be
slipping.

DC
DA
DB
v A
B
C
2
2
2
A DA B DB C DC

A m t A B m t B C m tC
A t A B t B C tC
or in terms of rev / min
N A t A N B t B N C tC

Input speed
The gear ratio is defined as GR
Output speed
If gear A is the input and gear C is the output;
N A tC
GR
also called as Speed ratio/Speed value
NC t A
N C Speed of driven gear
If

is called the Train value

N A Speed of driver gear

Power Transmission
The power transmitted by a torque is given by
2 N T
P
60

In an ideal gear box, the input and output

powers are the same so;

2 N1 T1 2 N 2 T2
P

60
60
T2
N1
N1 T1 N 2 T2

GR
T1
N2

It follows that if the speed is reduced, the torque

is increased and vice versa. In a real gear box,
power is lost through friction and the power
output is smaller than the power input. The
efficiency is defined as:

N 2 T2
Power out 2 N 2 T2 60

Power In
2 N 1 T1 60
N 1 T1

Compound Gear Train

When there are
more than one gear
on a shaft,it is
called a
compound gear train

Compound Gear train

For large velocities ratios,
Input
compound gear train
arrangement is preferred.
The velocity of each tooth
on A and B are the same so: A

D
Output

A tA = B tB
-as they are simple gears.
Likewise for C and D,
C tC = D tD.

Compound Gears
GEAR 'B'

GEAR 'A'

GEAR 'D'

GEAR 'C'

A
tB

B
tA

and

tB B
A
and
tA

C
tD

tC

tD D
C
TC

tB B tD D
A C

tA
tC

A C t B t D

B D t A tC

Since gear B and C are on the same shaf t

Input
B C

A tB tD

GR
D t A tC
Since 2 N

B
A

Output
C

The gear ratio may be

written as :

GEAR 'A'
N In t B t D

GR
N Out t A tC

Compound Gears
GEAR 'B'

GEAR 'D'

GEAR 'C'

Reverted Gear Train

When the axes of the first
driver and the last driven
are co-axial, then the
gear train is known as
reverted gear train.
In a reverted gear train, the
motion of the first gear and
the last gear is same.

Epicyclic Gear Train

Epicyclic means one
gear revolving upon and
around another. The
design involves planet
and sun gears as one
orbits the other like a
planet around the sun.

Epicyclic Gear Train

A small gear at the
center called the
sun, several
medium sized gears
called the planets
and a large external
gear called the ring
gear.

Velocity ratio of
epicyclic gear train
velocity ratio;
velocity ratio of epicyclic gear train is the ratio of the
speed of the driver to the speed of the driven or follower.
The following two methods may be used for finding out the
velocity ratio of an epicyclic gear train.
1.Tabular method
2. Algebraic method

1. Tabular method
TA = Number of teeth on gear A
TB = Number of teeth on gear B.
Suppose that the arm is fixed.
Therefore, the axes of both the gears are also
fixed relative to each other. When the gear A
makes one revolution anticlockwise, the gear B
will make TA / TB
NB / NA = TA / TB
Since NA = 1 revolution, therefore
NB = TA / TB
Assuming the anticlockwise rotation as positive
and clockwise as negative.

2. Algebraic method
In this method, the motion of each element
of the epicyclic train relative to the arm is
set down in the form of equations. The
number of equations depends upon the
number of elements in the gear train. Let
the arm C be fixed in an epicyclic gear
train as shown in Fig
Therefore,
Seed of the gear A relative to the arm
C= N(A)-N(C)
Speed of the gear B relative to the arm
C= N(B) N(C)

Compound Epicyclic Gear Train

(Sun and Planet Gear)

ADVANTAGES of Simple Gear Train

to connect gears where a large center
distance is required
to obtain desired direction of motion of the
driven gear ( CW or CCW)
to obtain high speed ratio

ADVANTAGES of Compound
Gear Train
A much larger speed reduction from
the first shaft to the last shaft can be
obtained with small gear.
If a simple gear trains used to give a
large speed reduction, the last gear has to
be very large.

Advantages of Riverted
Gear Train
The reverted gear trains are used in automotive
transmissions, lathe back gears, industrial speed
reducers, and in clocks (where the minute and hour
hand shafts are co-axial).

ADVANTAGES of Epicyclic
Gear Train
They have higher gear ratios.
They are popular for automatic transmissions in
automobiles.
They are also used in bicycles for controlling power
of pedaling automatically or manually.
They are also used for power transmission between
internal combustion engine and an electric motor.

Any Question ?