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INTELLIGENCE
=refers
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
1. SPEARMAN Two-Factor Theory
According to Bi-factor theory of Charles
Edward Spearman (1927) all intellectual
ability can be expressed as the result of the
operation of two factors.
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
2. Primary Mental Abilities/Thurstones
Weighted Group-Factor Theory
Luis L. Thurstone (1938) proposed that
Intelligence is a collection of many
separated specific abilities
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
3. R. B. Cattels Theory
American psychologist Raymond B. Cattel provided
evidence of two fundamental types of intelligence.
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
4. The Triachic Theory of Intelligence
Theory of Robert Sternberg that
goes beyond the traditional theories
that are confined to mental abilities
and skills. It is a three-part theory
that includes:
2)
3)
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
5. J.P. Guilford Theory of Intelligence
= He provided a three-dimensional structure of
intelligence. The components are as follows:
1) Operation = what the individual does or the
process involved in knowing such as cognition,
memory and evaluation.
2) Content = what are individual knows or the
nature of information.
3) Products = the end results or the processed
information
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
6. Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Intra-personal
intelligence
= is the ability to
understand ones self
and is typified by the
leader Mohandas
Gandhi.
8. Naturalistic intelligence
= the ability to recognize
and classify plants,
animals and minerals.
Naturalist Charles
Darwin is an example of
this intelligence.
INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT
HOW IS INTELLIGENCE
MEASURED?
IQ = MA X 100
CA
MA (mental age)-mental capacity
CA (chronological age)-actual
age
INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT
Level
Genius
VerySuperior
Superior
High Average
Normal or
AverageLow
AverageBorderline
DefectiveMentally
Retarded
I.Q. Range
140-Above
130-140
120-130
100-120
90-100
80-90
70-80
Below 70
EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE
Mental Retardation
= A disorder in which a persons over all
intellectual functioning is well below average,
with an IQ around 70 or less
= a state of social incompetence in
terms of social maturity and mental
development
opportunities, they
and write.
CAUSES OF MENTAL
RETARDATION
Hereditary/genetic causes
Injury before, during or shortly after birth
Poisonous substances
Biochemical factors
Traumatic brain injury
Environmental stress
Malnutrition
PREVENTION OF MENTAL
RETARDATION
Newborn Screening Program
Adult Screening Test
Laboratory Test
GROUP DIFFERENCES
Sex
Age
Race/Nationality
Occupation
Socio-economic status
Geographical location